CO-ED DORMS An intimate revolution on campus THE GRANDEUR OF DE GAULLE The trick to wearing makeup is to put it on in the light you'll be seen in. Home, Daylight, Evening or Office light. The newTrue-to-Light E from Clairol gives you the best of all four. You may not realize it, but the light you I make up in is as important as what you make up with. I Which is why Clairol 's new True -to- Light II mirror has a light setting for every light you're likely to be seen in. Just turn the dial and you see how you're going to look. That way, you won't look sallow in home light. Painted in daylight. Washed-out in evening light. Or green in office (or fluorescent) light. Turn the mirror itself (it's on a swivel wheell, and you see how you look up close — it has a magnifying side. And the entire unit can be locked into place at whatever position you like. But the most important thing about this or any other lighted makeup mirror is its light. In this case, the light is supplied via our exclusive new Broad Spectrum* lamp, which has the truest daylight of any makeup mirror you can get. And once you've got that, you get the best of everything. So the real trick, you see, is to use the new True-to-Lighfll . Created by Clairol, the Beauty People. Give it for Christmas. j^v-i True-to-Light n *TH CCLAIKOL INC, 1070 Copyrighted materi Return of the Real Dollar Mercury Montego's $2,798* price buys you more car today than 12 years ago. Rigid non-locking steering column 6-cylinder engine 223 cu. in. Painted metal on dash board No head restraints Single brake system Conventional exhaust system Front tread 59.0" Wheelbase 118" Overall length 208" Ordinary 4-ply tires Rear tread 56.4" 1959. Most popular 6-passenger car $2724* Energy-absorbing Woodgrain vinyl paneling steering column with on dash board locking features Printed electrical circuits 6-cylinder engine 250 cu. in. in instrument cluster Head restraints Flow-thru ventilation Dual brake system, self-adjusting brakes Exhaust emission control system Front tread 60.5" Bias-belted tires Rear tread 60.0" 1971. 6-passenger Mercury Montego $2798.* •Manufacturer's suggested retail prices for comparable models. White sidewall tires ( $31.10); transportation charges, state and local taxes, license and title fees, extra. Montego is a better car than you could buy 12 years ago. Montego is a better car than other intermediates today. We had to go way back to 1959 to find a car that even comes close to Montego for value. In fact, Montego gives you lots more. It's built with better materials, new features, better ideas. Galvanized body steel resists rust twice as long. Baked acrylic enamel has a smoother, harder finish. Never needs waxing. Precision casting gives Montego a stronger, more efficient engine. Rear axle shaft steel is 30% stronger. Printed electrical circuits eliminate a fistful of wires in the instrument panel. Montego's tires are 40-50% more durable. Double-yoke door latches hold far tighter than the old rotary type. Many service-saving features (recommended 6,000 miles between oil and oil filter changes, 36,000 miles between major lubrications; self-adjusting brakes) help avoid frequent servicing. Who says they don't build cars like they used to? The Montego 2-door hardtop (above) is built on a wheelbase five inches longer than its leading competitors. Montego puts these extra inches to good use. Gives you a more comfortable ride. Room enough for 6 full-grown adults. A vacation-size trunk (16.2 cu. ft.). And traditional Mercury quality everywhere. Montego prices start at $2,763. You can buy a Montego 2-door hardtop or 4-door sedan with automatic transmission, V-8, AM radio and white sidewall tires— all ready to go— for under $3,300. Those are the manufacturer's suggested retail prices, for models and options listed. Excludes transportation charges, state and local taxes, license and title fees. A pretty good remedy for your shrinking dollar. Better ideas make better cars. Mercury makes better cars— to buy, rent or lease. A better idea for safety: Buckle up! Better ideas make better cars. MERCURY LINCOLN-MERCURY DIVISION Th ± s On© 73RD-DPY-QB5B Up here, in cold country, you don't let a head cold stop you. You take Contac. In cold country, you know you've got to keep going. And the sooner you take Contac, the better you'll feel. Contac isn't like a 4-hour cold tablet. Instead, 600 "tiny time pills" in each capsule work fast to help clear up your congestion, runny nose and sneezing up to 12 full hours. That's three times longer relief. Don't let a head cold stop you. Take 12-hour Contac. Early. Feel better. m By 1 EVERY 11 HOURS CONTAC The head cold medicine. 1 VOL. 69 NO. 21 CONTENTS LIFE NOVEMBER 20 1970 Co-ed Dorms: An Intimate Campus Revolution 32 Colleges across the country are liberalizing living arrangements among boy and girl students. At Oberlin the new arrangements are a marked success. Photographed by Bill Ray Ode to the Man Who Was France 42 The death of General dc Gaulle. By Romain Gary Ordeal on El Capitan 46 Climbers spend three weeks on a sheer rock wall The Isolation of a King 50 A visit with Jordan's King Hussein after the bloody civil war in his country. By Jordan Bonfante. Photographed by Pierre Boulat Who Painted Those Keane-eyed Kids? 57 Meet Shaky, the First Electronic Person ssb The fearsome reality of a machine with a mind of its own. By Brad Darrach Dutchman in a Box 71 DustJn Hoffman at Age 121 75 For a part in Little Big Man. Hoffman puts on a century or so with the help of a makeup artist. Photographed by Ernst Haas DEPARTMENTS The Presidency De Gaulle and three Presidents. 4 By Hugh Sidey Gallery A ballet of skates' eggs by Nina Leen 8 Reviews 12-20 Architecture Critic Walter McQuade finds the Kennedy Center a deadly place for the lively arts Harold Clurman on Lewis Mumford's despairing survey of our life with the machine Little Fauss and Big Halsey, a film reviewed by Richard Schickel Letters to the Editors 26A Parting Shots Watch out, here comes progress 81 O 1970 TIME INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. REPRODUCTION IN WHOLE OR PART WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED COVER-BILL RAY 3-RALPH MORSE 4-cartoon by LURIE 8. 9-NINA LEEN 12-STAN WAYMAN 16 ELMER NEWMAN 20 PARAMOUNT PICTURES 30 LIFE COLLECTION exc. bot. CARL M YD AN S 42, 42A-RAY WIL- SON-LIAISON. CAMERA PRESS from PIX 42B, 42C-ERICH LESSING Irom MAGNUM NICK DE M0RG0LI Irom PIX 42D, 43-PARISMATCH hom PICTORIAL-DOMINIQUE BERRETTY. PIERRE BOULAT, HANK WALKER, JOHN OLSON. PIERRE B0ULAT44 HOWARD S0CHUREK 46, 47-DE AN CALDWELL and WARREN HARDING48 RALPH CRANE 64 KEYSTONE 57, 56 BOB PETERSON 58B,S8C RALPH CRANE 66 AMPEX CORP- 71, 72-HUBERT LE CAMPION 75-ERNST HAAS from MAGNUM 76, 77-ERNST HAAS from MAGNUM etc. I. II MEL TRAXEL 78, 79-ERNST HAAS Irom MAGNUM 41 HILMAR PABEL 82, 8] II. JEHANGIR GAZ- DAR TASS Irom SOVF0TO:c«n. R.S. CHIANG lor TIME-cotirtesy RUTGERS UNIVERSITY. UPI; rt. DAVID CUPP lor THE DENVER POST 84-MI KE CONNEALY v 20. 1970 Volume 69, Number 21 LIFE It published weekly oacept two issues yearly combining two issues In one by Time Inc . W 1 Fairbanks Court, Chicago, Illinois 60611. prlnciptt oRxe Rockefeller Center. New Yore. N T 10020 limei R. Shepler. President Rwih.trd 8. McKeough. Treasurer; Me F. Harvey. Secretary Second-class postage paid at Chicago. Ill . and al additional mailing oDices Aulhorired as second-class mail by the Post Olf.ce Department al Ottawa. Canada and tot payment ol postage in cash. U S subscriptions 110 00 a year and Canadian subscriptions SI2O0 a year LIFE assumes no responsibility lor loss ol or damage to unsolicited articles, ptiolographs or art. Readers who submit ediloiul materials should enclose a sell-addiessed return envelope with proper postage. EDITORS' NOTE Why a Life cover seldom makes everybody happy This week's cover of a boy and girl liv ing in a co-ed dorm at Oberlin College will. I know from experience, bring anguished letters from some readers. Although co-ed dorms are a major phenomenon on the American campus, accepted as a fact of life by many faculty mem- bers, students and parents, some readers w ill protest that we are "cel- ebrating" or "endorsing" or "glorifying" a controversial situation by putting it on Life's cover. I hope Life's pictures and reporting in the stories accompanying our covers are clear to all who read them. The cover itself doesn't necessarily celebrate or endorse or condemn. It simply says: we think this matters this week. I am frequently asked: "Even if it's true, should it be on the cov- er?" Well, yes. It seems to me that a Life cover should depict somebody or some sit- uation that is in the news and is of interest to a wide cross section of our readers. We don't think of this as "glorification" but as importance. Today, if someone is important enough to be interesting to many people, the odds are large that he or she is con- troversial. Life isn't simple in this country these days, and you can get an argument at the drop of almost any well-known name. As examples: Muhammad Ali. Spiro Ag- new, Martha Mitchell, movie-maker Den- nis Hopper, Teddy Kennedy, Angela Davis, Bebe Rebozo. Gamal Abdel Nasser, Rich- ard Nixon. All have been on Life's cover this year. And then there are those events and trends guaranteed to arouse highly opinionated discussion and disagreement at any dinner table of more than four people: the Kent State shooting, population control, the traffic in drugs, the midi, the spread of pornography, the women's lib movement. These, too, have been represented on Life's cover this year — and the response has shown just about the same degree of amiable unanimity of opinion that you find at your dinner table. In my version of the ideal world, all our readers approve a Life cover even if they don't always like the news it proclaims or the per- son involved. But in reality, a cover lively enough to evoke response almost invariably evokes argument as well. The last cover I can re- member that won universal approval from everyone was the one that marked the successful return of Apollo 13 from its abortive and per- ilous moon mission. That week (April 24) everybody loved Apollo Commander Jim Lovcll. Life's cover on him was indeed a celebra- tion in the sense that some readers expect a cover to be every week: hooray, and no controversy. That's how we all felt that week. But I'm afraid that even if we chose to ignore important things that are happening and published 50 noncontroversial covers a year, the re- sult would be, alas, dull. Next week: Nikita Khrushchev. A noncontroversial cover Ralph Graves Managing Editor 3 Co The Presidency j by Hugh Sidey De Gaulle and three Presidents Charles de Gaulle loomed over the Atlan- tic horizon like some grand and ancient monument. He infuriated and thwarted Presidents of the United States, but utterly captivated them. Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon — none of them could ignore him. John Kennedy read all of De Gaulle's published memoirs before he crossed the Atlantic in 1961 to strike his first interna- tional pose in his early months of power. Walking through the While House after- wards he muttered in wonder about De Gaulle*s magic haughtiness, that "mystique of leadership" which the Frenchman felt was the secret of his power. De Gaulle tried to treat Kennedy like some kind of spirited son who needed to be lectured on the foibles of men and the dangers of war in Southeast Asia, to be in- structed on French doubts about American will to defend Europe in any ultimate nu- clear showdown. But at the same time that he was attempting, with skill and discretion, to humble Kennedy and the U.S., De Gaulle was setting the President and Jacqueline against the backdrops of Paris, permitting them to sparkle like jewels in the gentle maj- esty of the city. With his Irish Mafia circling around him in self-conscious wonder, Kennedy soaked his aching back in Napoleon Ill's gold-tiled bathtub. He and Jackie dined in Versailles' Hall of Mirrors and watched the ballet in Louis XV's restored theater. Then in the misty night the two went together down among the fountains of Louis XIV's pal- ace, floodlit at De Gaulle's order for this splendid moment. The old general watched from the hilltop like a fond chaperon. The cooling set in. De Gaulle questioned America's role in Europe. Kennedy raged. But always he eyed France hungrily. He took secret French lessons to be prepared for that next meeting, whenever it might be. The summer before his death he cam- paigned through Europe, stirring Berlin, dispensing eloquence and charm in Ireland and Great Britain and Italy. He yearned to go to France and heal the wound, but all he could do was gaze in that direction and talk wistfully about how he would like to vi- olate the diplomatic rituals and interrupt De Gaulle's magnificent sulk. He left Eu- rope unfulfilled. Lyndon Johnson sparred with De Gaulle by cable and press release. Both of these towering men kept their noses in the air for five years, but Johnson couldn't dismiss De Gaulle from his mind. Often at night after the day's work was done and L.B.J, was sip- ping his low-calorie root beer, he would gloat about how he was handling De Gaulle just right. "When of De Gaulle throws those high fast ones at me," said Johnson, chortling, "I just step out of the batter's box and let them go by. I don't say a word." Once when a former French official came around to the White House, Johnson got in his storytelling mood and began to embel- lish as only he could do. That version had De Gaulle throwing "beanballs" and the bewildered Frenchman was seen leaving the White House asking his aide, "Qu'esi-ce que c'esl le beanballl" In the spring of 1967, when Germany's Konrad Adenauer died and L.B.J, flew to the funeral and faced De Gaulle nose to nose, the Texan had come up with a new way of phrasing it. "You've seen boys play- ing," he told his staff members before shov- ing off. "One holds out his arm and says, 'Spit over it.' The one boy spits and the other moves his arm, and of course the boy misses and spits on the arm, and then the first one gets mad and wants to fight. Well, De Gaulle is like the boy daring the other one to spit over his arm. But I'm not going to do it. I'm just going to step back." The grand confrontation came at last in the German Bundestag in Bonn. Lyndon Johnson and Charles de Gaulle standing like Matterhorns above the other leaders were steered by aides toward each other. There was tension in the air. Johnson's Press Secretary George Christian was fran- tic: no reporters had been allowed to wit- ness the cosmic collision. In a last des- perate lunge, Christian grabbed White House photographer Yoichi Okamoto and thrust him at the two leaders now groping for each other in the dimly lit room. Out- side, the world press waited for the re- port. Okamoto, the lone witness, emerged sweating. "What was it like, what was it like?" the correspondents shouted. Oka- moto looked up from his cameras and said, "It was f/2 at 1 /30 of a second." Johnson necessarily held De Gaulle at arm's length: Vietnam was a constant discord, the U.S. role in NATO another. Richard Nixon's advent as President sig- naled a new mood. Nixon had spent time with De Gaulle during his own spell out of government, listened to the older man and perhaps learned from him. Now there was an earth-shift on Vietnam and a coalescing agreement on a smaller American presence in Europe. In 1969 Nixon was hailed on French soil by still-President de Gaulle. The general was whiter and milder but just as grand. He pondered aloud how both of them had "come back from the wilderness." He showed Nixon the art treasures of the Elysee Palace, stood with him in the tow- ering windows of Versailles' Grand Tria- non, and described how the gardens they were looking upon had been the creation of French monarchs. De Gaulle suffered through Ambassador Sargent Shriver's din- ner toast, given in French as only a Bal- timore boy out of Yale can do it. He smiled and paid tribute to Nixon as both man and President. The wound was healed. Yet there were intimations of a more final separation. Driving to the airport with Nix- on, De Gaulle looked out at his city and his people and said, "I have so little time." 4 Co It may be the most expensive thing on your next car. On a price sticker it's only about this big* But it can cover a lot of fine print. Like a low "P.O.E." price. This is the price at the port of entry. But you don't buy a car at the P.O.E. price. The asterisk can cover extra-cost equipment you thought was in- cluded in the base price. White- walls, full vinyl upholstery and carpeting, for instance. On some cars those items are extra and they can add up to a lot of money you hadn't counted on. Not on a Datsun. Our asterisk means: Plus tax, license, local freight, dealer preparation. It means you get things like fully reclining bucket seats, tinted glass, front disc brakes, without paying more money. Even luxury touches like a tach, radio and electric antenna in our 240-Z. Our cars deliver complete. So the sneaky asterisk isn't sneaky at Datsun. We keep it small because it has nothing to hide. Drive a Datsun, then decide. DATSUN afiD n "111 i in i ill Illll pit 1 : is • ■ ( «ft « x ■ t b; • a a »-» -*»• i -1 a* . i . ■ ■ mat • » «t » i • •■ •• • • ■ at — «• • • at • • 5? ■UttkJ mm mm « ■ • n— ill mm* • ■• — I .-•a -a • • • 1* V K tu - * ■ • Ml .«%. 1 total • t»i mm i. ii If - « |l VI < II I • 1 . - t . 1 1 r. i WHAT THE CITY CAN LEARN FROM THE FOREST Urban renewal projects could well take a leaf from International Paper's "Dynamic Forest." The same basic rules apply to each. First rule : get the experts together. For a city, that means calling in sociologists, architects, economists. For the world's largest reforestation program, it meant foresters, geneticists, agronomists, ecologists, engi- neers, and economists. The two jobs are essentially the same: create a long-term plan that anticipates and accommodates the needs of the future. Second rule: use space thriftily. In cities, this dic- tates highrises— with breathing space between them. In 4 million acres of the "Dynamic Forest" it meant "highrises" too— the International Paper Super- tree. This genetically improved tree grows 25 percent faster and taller than ordinary trees. International Paper's improved system yields 100 percent more fiber per acre— by using better site prepa- ration, planting and intensive management. Inciden- tally, we stress biological control rather than chemical pesticides in our woodlands. Third rule : take care of the growing population. That means planning for food, health services, recrea- tion and, of course, housing. Housing is as important a consideration in the "Dynamic Forest" as it is in urban renewal. Proper management makes safe homes for wildlife, and in- sures a plentiful food supply. As a matter of fact, there is more wildlife living in our forests today than when the Pilgrims landed. And they live among more trees Because for every one we cut down, we plant two. Fourth rule : save beauty (something most cities seem to ignore) . International Paper goes to consider- able lengths to leave natural woodland along roads, streams, and scenic areas. This provides protection for the local ecology and ready passage for the animals who inhabit our woods. But more than this, it provides great natural beauty for the public who are free to use millions of our woodland acres for recreation. International Paper lands offer everything from white-water canoe trips and maple sugaring to ice fish- ing and skiing. We even make special School Forests available where local high schools can operate field biology and ecology courses. Of course, International Paper created "The Dynamic Forest" for increased efficiency. But exciting new concepts and techniques grew out of it. Ways to preserve natural resources. New ideas and new prod- ucts for a dozen industries from surgical supplies to space capsules. All very good reasons to call on us next time you need some fresh thinking. We won't lose the forest for the trees. International Paper Company, 220 East 42nd St., New York, New York 10017. INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY i Copyrighted material GALLERY For many years while strolling along the beaches near her Long Island home. Life Photographer Nina Leen has collected the small cushion- shaped egg cases of the skate — a flat, bottom-dwelling fish of the ray fam- ily. These purses, with "horns" sweeping gracefully from their four corners, reminded her of dancing fig- urines. She fashioned tiny heads for their bodies out of window putty and choreographed this fantasy of flot- sam, using as background another ex- posure she had made of the seashore. 8 Please trust it. It's the only camera on earth that will speak to you. Copyrighted material Do not look at your watch. Do not worry. When your picture is ready, this camera will tell y "Beep." Your picture is now perfectly de- veloped. (Honest. You can believe every word our electronic develop- ment timer tells you.) The timer in our Model 350 is one of Polaroid's latest steps in auto- matic photography. The electronic system goes to work the instant you shoot. You do not figure out your exposures. The camera does it automatically. The electric eye tells the elec- tronic shutter how bright things arc out there. The shutter does the rest without consulting you at all. Twilight time exposures in color (Beep) ya. are set automatically. C I lly. If there's enough light for a pic- ture, this camera will get it— even up to 1 0 seconds. Indoor black-and-white shots with no flash at all arc automatic. This system even measures the burst of a flash automatically. Our Model 350 conies with a Zeiss Ikon rangefinder-viewfinder made for this camera in Germany. Focusing is simple and precise. You sec a dual image in a single win- dow. Line up the two images. Your picture is in focus. And in the single window, your picture is also perfectly framed. You can also snap on optional at- tachments. "Hcad-and-shoul- der" portraits from only 19 inches, lose-ups from 9 inches. Even self- portraits. (This is not even our top camera. We also make a Model 360 with elec- tronic flash. Amazing flash control— and you'll never buy a flashbulb again.) Thercare4modelsin thePolaroid Countdown Land camera line. They all tell you when your picture is ready, and prices start at under $80. Our Model 350. one of the most automatic cameras Polaroid has ever made, is under SI 60. It has a lot to tell you about. Countdown Cameras from Polaroid CANADIAN MIST. WE PRICED OURSELF INTO THE MARKET. America is still the land of opportunity. Especially for a good tasting Canadian. And imported Canadian Mist proved to be no exception. Canadian Mist is as smooth and lightbodied as any whisky that ever crossed the border. The difference is we distill and blend Canadian Mist in Canada but we bottle it here. This saves us tax money. Which saves you money. Usually about two dollars a bottle. Americans know a good bargain when they taste it. So now, Canadian Mist is rapidly becoming one of America s all time favorites. We think it's because of our fine, imported flavor. But we can't argue we owe something to our sensible price. But any way you look at it, it's a small pnce to pay for such CANADIAN a tasty success. wl% CANADIAN MIST. CmmIu Whiiky-A RU.I • 80-86.8 Proof • Bum Dttfcn Import Co. • N.Y. ■H' "'" '' W | """ 1 ! ■ i iH i LIFE Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts rises in Washington ARCHITECTURE REVIEW A deadly decor for the lively arts THE KENNEDY CENTER There was a prewar kind of show girl once described by Broadway press agents as pulchritudinous. She was as tall as stripper Loisde Fee, who used to be billed as "Six Feet Four of Girl Galore, Enough for Every- body." The adjective came back to mind recently when I went over to watch the construction of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Kennedy Center, when completed, will include an opera house seating 2,200 — about the size of La Scala — a concert hall holding 2,750, a legiti- mate theater seating 1,100, a movie house for 500, a grand foyer which is claimed to be one of the biggest rooms in the world — 60 feet high, 40 feet wide, and 630 feet long — several oth- er spacious halls, galleries, and a pair of restaurants. All these will be un- der one uninterrupted roof. It is a big show girl indeed, several city block- fronts long. The site is superb — or was before the bulky building began to go up. It is on the Potomac shore, looking out on a shaggy, uncombed island in the river which is unique among the Dis- trict's smooth lawns. Kennedy Center will not only be combed, architectur- ally, but coiffed. Its immense walls will be sheathed in pallid marble; all around them will stand tall, bronze- clad columns, neoclassic in idea. 1939 World's Fair in extrusion. The plan for a national culture cen- ter all began back in 1956, when a commission was proposed to Pres- ident Eisenhower to look into the idea. In the 1960s there was an effort to slice up the components of the planned center and place them as sep- parate buildings on Pennsylvania Av- enue, as a part of the revitalization of the traditional presidential path on Inauguration Day. But adherents of the present site, which is largely federally owned, held out, perhaps be- cause in midtown the sliced-up cen- ter would not have possessed such dominant monumentality — an old addiction of D.C. architecture. Even as eminent an architect as Edward Durcll Stone, who designed the Ken- nedy Center, seems to dream that our national purpose dwells in marbleized halls the minute he thinks of Wash- ington. Originally the "National Cen- ter" was to be paid for by public donations. Fund-raising dragged, but after Dallas the hall was quickly re- named for J.F.K., and Congress has since committed $44.4 million to its completion. Private and foundation donations come to S20 million, and more will be needed. The tragedy of this big blank cen tcr for the performing arts rises out of the stubborn pride of its fond par- ents. They have resisted a surf of pub- lic and professional outrage, to wade on in their pretentious undertaking The high Establishment backers are mostly Democrats, but the design is evidently apolitical. A building this big seems to acquire a momentum of its own, like a war. It is apparently too late to improve the exterior, ex- cept by hoping that acres of ivy will creep up its completed walls. It is too big; too many things are crammed into it for any of them to be distinct; all will be smothered by the smugness of the conception. It may not be too lato, however, to do something about the interiors, be- cause even the first part of the build- ing, the concert hall, is not scheduled to open before the fall of 1971. The sketches shown so far indicate that this and the other great halls and spaces will be a cross between the con- ventionality of hotel lobbies and the garishness of Las Vegas nightclubs, dignified by chandeliers donated by the governments of Austria, Ireland, Norway and Sweden. In the decorat- ing trade this amalgam of popular taste and remembered royalist glitter is known as Stouffers Uptown. It is more or less what the creators of the Moscow subway had in mind — but that effort is a subway, not a nation's official cultural center. When the audiences are seated and the lights go down, it will of course be the performances in these arenas which will make them beloved or bor- ing. Memories of stirring arias, ballet leaps, second-act curtains or great films can eventually cast an aura of proper sentiment on the most intru- sive architecture. At the Kennedy Center, unless something is done with present plans to render the decor less hostile, that may be the best we can hope for. by Walter McQuade Mr. MeQuude is a member of the New York City Planning Commission. laterial Clairol creates The Conditioning Hairsetter. Its secret: a never-bef ore vaporizing system that sets moisturizes and deep-conditions your hair beautiful 1. The Kindness Custom Care Setter. For a beautiful new deep-conditioned set, add i Clairol's new Kindness* Custom Care* Conditioner. When the little red light flicks off, you're ready I to roll. In minutes you get a true conditioned set. I Moisturizes, helps prevent split ends. Silkens hair ! shiny-beautiful— like no other hairsetter you ever used. : 2. New warm-hearted conditioning rollers— they give you a lot more than a great set. As the Custom Care Setter warms up, the liquid i conditioner vaporizes and coats each roller. Then, as ( you set. the conditioner is transferred to your hair ' Gently— with their carefully regulated heat— the rollers i warm in the rich conditioner. Send it penetrating deep ' where it can do you the most good. 3. The beautiful Custom Care set. :'s the newest, best, prettiest, healthiest looking, do-it-yourself set any girl can get. And the fastest. Once the conditioner vaporizes, you can set and be ready for comb-out in 5 to 10 minutes. Which is a lot speedier and more effective than homemade wet sets or ordinary steam sets. 4. Gives you three different setting options. This little selector is your option-maker, (a) For a conditioned set, slide selector to "treatment" and add Kindness Custom Care Conditioner, (b) For a regular Kindness set, omit conditioner and slide to "regular." (c) For a water-mist set, add water instead of conditioner. Welcome to a whole new world of hairsetting. •TM © I9T0 Clural Inc Kindness Custom Care" INSTANT HAIRSETTER & CONDITIONER by Clairol A Smith-Corona can help your teenager through school. How many other Christmas gifts can say that? This is a good Christmas to forget the surfboards, skis, and cute little tv sets. Because right now your teenager is bucking the tough- est, most competitive schooling this country has ever devised. Why not give a gift that can help? For instance, a Smith-Corona* Electric Portable. Because here's what can happen. Your teenager can leam to type twice as fast as writing by hand. His spelling can improve. (A typed word that's misspelled stands out like a flare.) His creative thinking gets nudged. (A typewriter takes ideas as fast as he can wing them.) And a quiet little miracle called Organi- zation occurs. A Smith-Corona can make a difference to your teenager. We know because we've already helped quite a few— 4 out of every 5 electric portable typewriters in America are Smith-Corona. Frankly, a Smith-Corona isn't a gift that'l help a student have fun. It's simply a gift that'll help. BBS. SMITH CORONA MARCH ANT OIVIBiOM OF BCH CORPORATION Motfs introduces the snacks etter inside and out Outside: no sharp metal edaes "V, P 1 Inside: delicious fruits and puddings that are putting t the others * *tosh< lame Mott's presents a whole new thing in desserts. Luscious puddings so good you won't believe they came from a store. Thicker, richer, smoother ... the kind of flavor every kid loves (including that big kid you married). And all in ready-to-eat individual servings, four Mott's snack jars to a pack. But something for kids has to be more than just good so Mott's snack jars have easy-to-open Twist-Off Caps. No rings to pull, no sharp metal edges to cut little fingers. Choose from a variety of the most popular puddings and fruits. Serve 'em at home, picnics, traveling . . .any time. And you thought Mott's just made great apple sauce. MOTT'S ■ O1970 DullyMotl Co.. Inc., ■ 370 (.Mlnatan A-«.. New Yorl., N.V. c Little signs that your battery is dying. Here are some warnings to look for: 1, maybe your battery is three years old. or older; 2. maybe it doesn't hold a charge any- more; 3, maybe it always needs water; 4, maybe the case is cracked ; or 5, maybe the terminals are loose at the posts. And if you need a new battery these facts about the Del co Energizer can help. Delco Energizers are vacuum-sealed at the factory for freshness. So when you get a new Energizer you get a very new Energizer that will last a very long time. Also, they have the unique Delco Eye that tells you when to add water. To help you buy the starting punch your car needs, Energizers are give n peak watts ratings, a special measure of crank- KjjiI ing power at zero 5555] degrees. Your Delco dealer can easily give you the Energizer that's right for your car, because the peak watts rating is molded right into the case. So learn all you have to know about batteries. From your Delco dealer. But make it some sunny Saturday morning when it's convenient for you. Locate your nearest Delco Energizer dealer by calling 800-243-6000. It's a free call. In Connecticut call 800-942-0655. And you can also ask about Delco's Pleasurizers, tune-ups, air conditioning service, brakes, and other quality parts. The more you know, the more you'll want Delco. LIFE BOOK REVIEW Where machines have gone astray The Myth of the Machine: THE PENTAGON OF POWER by LEWIS MUMFORD (Harcourt Brace lovanovich) SJ2.S5 fin Broadway the other day I saw U a movie sign which read: COLOS- SUS — MACHINES TAKE OVER WORLD. The title indicates a hor- ror story. It is the theme of Lewis Mumford's latest volume, The Myth of ihe Machine: The Pentagon of Power. It is a work of vast importance, a major achievement. What makes it of immediate relevance — apart from its intrinsic merits— is that what it tells us is something on every think ing pcr- son*s mind, so common a preoccupa- tion indeed that every popular jour- nal, many novels and several films now deal w ith it. But nothing so com- plete or convincing as Mumford"s study is likely to be written on the problem for a long time. Mumford's prefatory note states: "If the key to the past few centuries has been 'Mechanization Takes Com- mand.' the theme of the present book may be summed up in John Glenn's words . . . 'Let Man Take Over." " Or, to put it as Rabelais did, "Sci- ence w ithout conscience is the ruin of the soul." Mumford is not "against" mechan- ics or science. "No one questions the immense benefits already conferred in many departments," Mumford writes, "by science as efficient meth- odology, but what one must challenge is the value of a system so detached from other human needs and purpos- es that the process itself goes on au- tomatically without any visible good except that of keeping the corporate apparatus itself in a state of power- making, profit-yielding productivi- ty." The world we now inhabit is an environment "lit only for machines to live in. . . . During the last genera- tion the very bottom has dropped out of our life. . . ." The poet-dramatist Brecht has put all this in the striking aphorism, "Today every invention is received with a cry of triumph which soon turns into a cry of fear." Progress in the naked mode of ever bigger tech- nological contrivances is bound to kill us. The murderous syndrome is far advanced. Mumford does not simply reiterate this thesis but documents and proves it. With an immense erudition and line sensibility — he w rites luminously — he traces the history of the road which has led to the present impasse in all its manifold ramifications. Science is the means by w hich man- Mttnfofd at hontf in Anwnio, .V. Y. kind was to control nature. In doing so and in an ever more marvelous manner science, as Mumford ac- knowledges, has brought wonderfu ameliorations in the arduous journey through life. But the gods have tumec into monsters because a) technology has departed from Ihe norm of man'; nature as a thinking, feeling, dream- ing, loving, sane being, and b) because the proliferation of what Mumforc calls Mcgatechnics — all the splcndic gadgets we could so well do without — mokes motley. The success of this development (in which we glory), h it is not checked by a realization o its lethal ecological and personal con- sequences, will not only wreak mora havoc but may even cause economic disaster. It is almost as perilous to give ca- sual assent to this diagnosis as to dem it. For to halt the automatic onrush of the robot which human inventior has set in motion means to upset tht whole basis of 2Cth Century civiliza tion. The result would be more rev olutionary than anything conceivcc by the ideologists of Ihe Russian. Cu ban or Chinese regimes. Mumford does not blink at the dif ficullies of his challenge. He is nc Marxist or Maoist and the last thin] he would desire is bloodshed to brinj about the great upheaval of con science and organization that his pro posals entail. He makes pcaccabk suggestions: he speaks of changes it consciousness and individual effort] that may become widespread, some thing close to a nondenominalionai religious conversion. I am unfortunately not as hopefu of a happy solution as Mumford ant others are inclined to be — Mumfort is admittedly only tentative in this re gard — but one may be as dogmatic ii negation and pessimism, and a wrong, as in hosannahs of optimisti affirmation. I wholly agree w ith hi warning and specilic analysis of ou ills and most fervently wish that hi remedies can be made operative. Hi book opens the way to a better un derstanding of the mightiness of th. task before us if we are to be saved What he recounts with formidable bu perhaps justifiable repetitiveness is nt science-fiction fantasy. by Harold Clumtai Cor « BUOWEISER presents Duke does his first TV special for the King of Beers ... and that is special! Ice up some Bud« and watch "Swing Out Sweet Land." It's an entertaining, easygoing, 90-minute look on the bright side of America. * ALL-STAR CAST ★ (Listed alphabetically) ANN-MARGRET LUCILLE BALL JACK BENNY DAN BLOCKER ROSCOE LEE BROWNE GEORGE BURNS JOHNNY CASH ROY CLARK BING CROSBY PHYLLIS DILLER DOODLETOWN PIPERS LORNE GREENE CELESTE HOLM BOB HOPE DOUG KERSHAW MICHAEL LANDON DEAN MARTIN ROSS MARTIN ED McMAHON GREG MORRIS DAVID NELSON RICKY NELSON HUGH O'BRIAN ROWAN & MARTIN WILLIAM SHATNER RED SKELTON TOMMY SMOTHERS LISA TODD LESLIE UGGAMS DENNIS WEAVER Sunday, Nov. 29 8:30-10 P.M. EST i NBC -TV (Check for local time and station) ANHEUSER-BUSCH, INC. • ST. LOUIS "I cooked my in 25 minutes Thanks to my brand-new General Electric Versatronic 1 range, it was as easy as pie. In fact, there's only one way to make your holiday dinner more easily than with this range. And that's to hire a cook. The Versatronic range comes with two roomy ovens. A conventional eye-level oven above, and a very unconventional waist-level oven below. What's so un- conventional about the one below? Simply this. It can cook three different ways. Electronicall y, using microwave energy. ( The fastest , most accurate method of cooking ever invented.) Electricall y, using ordinary heating elements. (When you don't need the extra speed.) Or both ways at once. (The microwave energy quick cooks the food, while the electric heat browns it.) And with the special time and control settings on the oven, you can electronically ck a 10-lb. goose in 25 minutes, or half a dozen yams in 18 minutes, or a whole bowl of chestnut stuffing in 10 minutes. (Plus all the everyday and convenience foods you cook. There's also another great feature to this oven. It not only cooks faster than any you've prob- ably ever seen, but it can lie cleaned faster, too. Automatically. With the GE P-7 T self-cleaning sys- tem. All you do is flip a switch. And the oven walls, the oven door, the shelves and the liner panels and shelves from the companion oven will be cleaned electrically. When you get a chance, see the GE two-oven Versatronic range, or the single oven model. Whichever one ' you choose, it will make cooking your goose absolutely painless. Versatronic range " ■ ■ - — 1 Progress is our most important pfoduc GENERAL © ELECTRIC Tide can get you this Polaroid Swinger for $5.99. But there's a catch! TTlC CtltCh.* You've got to buy a box of Tide. Which, j when you think about it, isn't a catch at all. Cause Tide'll give you the cleanest 1 wash you can get. All you have to do is: Cut the net weight marking off a box of j Tide XK, Family, King or Giant size. And mail it with a check or money order i payable to "Tide/Polaroid Offer" for 85 -99 along with this completed order form 1 to "Tide/Polaroid Offer" Box 852, Maple Plain, Minn., 55359, before Dec. 18, ■ 1970. Polaroid* Swingers* make terrific gifts, but supply is limited. So mail enrly. ■ If supply is exhausted, your money will be refunded. Your store should have a dis- play repeating the details of this offer. Offer void in Kansas. Limit one per family. 1 Nimp i# ACTJRCO 11 T.-( 0. " A. I'll; 1 1 1 1 " j '1 . j Street City Starr 7ip POLAROID* SVilf.CER* l*r,D CAM ERAS ARE M AT* U Cop LIFE MOVIE REVIEW A 'go-faster' and a goof LITTLE FAUSS AND BIG HALSY It's customary to praise movies be- I cause they achieve a certain breadth and depth of vision, but Lit- tle h'auss and Big Halsy is good pre- cisely because it is artfully thin and shallow, as determinedly lacking in the graces and amenities as the lives it examines. The title characters (played by Michael J. I'ollard and Robert Redford, respectively) are motorcycle racers of surpassing, if comical, incompetence. The picture, however, which Director Sidney J. Furie drives pell-mell down a straight- away plot line, is not a "wheeler." That genre is based on romanticizing primitive and violent losers and there is scarcely a romantic note in this film. Indeed, the beginning of itsappeal lies in the unblinking way it gazes upon the world of small-time racing, endur- ance runs and hill climbs. You always feel as if you're about to choke on the dust, the greasy hamburgers, the stench of small ambitions incessantly squelched. But there is more to the film than a hard-edged portrayal of a curious demimonde. Thanks to Charles East- man's good, gritty script, it is a study of two quintessential^ American characters, demonstrating contrast- ing, near-archetypal ways we have of achieving an almost total lack of dis- tinction. Fauss is a "tuner" (mechan- ic) who aspires to being a racer but lacks the ability to assert himself com- petitively, because he is a totally un- formed human being — shy, inarticu- late, childlike, dominated by parents who arc cheerful morons. Halsy. on the other hand, is a "go-faster," in his own words, but he is also a petty con man. liar and congenital screw-up who always loses races he might have won had he only checked his temper or checked out his bike's motor. CURRENT & RECOMMENDED THIS MAN MUST DIE Claude CAfl&W s elegant conversion of routine whodunit to high tragedy FIVE EASY PIECES Jock Nicholson is on oil- field rough- neck with a gentle past THE WILD CHILD Truffaut version of M iracle Worker — an attempt to civilize a savage hoy I NEVER SANG FOR MY FATHER Melvyn Dotiglas in a skillful adap- tation of the Broadway dad-son duet TRISTANA Buhuel's masterful study of Spanish perversity, with Catherine Deneuve Together they add up to one more or less complete and functioning hu- man being. The trouble is that they can't really stand each other, especial- ly after a girl named Rita Nebraska joins their little caravan. We are nev- er told why she was running around the starting line of a race stark naked or why she was on drugs or why now she's decided to go off them. All we know is that she is a class or two above our heroes and a pro- voker of trouble between them, most- ly because neither can find an ade- quate way of expressing love for her. It's Halsy. of course, who nearly wins her and then (also of course) loses her. just as it is he w ho. almost willfully, contrives to lose Little Fauss — liter- ally, and not once but twice. That's the trouble with being a go-faster — a living parody of the success ethic. For most of its length the movie never suggests, by word, deed or ges- ture, so bald a statement of its mean- ing. Only once does it slip and attempt to cop a plea for these goofs. That oc- curs at the very last moment and 1 think it's worth mentioning as a mi- nor mistake. Farrar, Straus & Giroux has had the good sense to publish Eastman's beautifully written script. In it, he imagines Faussand Halsy lost in the crowd during the big race "for they are not winners but rather among those who make no significant mark Tuner Pollard, go-faster Redford and leave no permanent trace." The movie, however, has Fauss emerging from the crowd, a winner at last. The change seems dictated partly by the desire to have a character "develop" in the conventional sense, partly by the commercial need to give the kid audience some "soul" to identify with. I think it lakes some of the sharp edge off and I'm sorry they did it. Even so. it's a fine, tough, funny movie, distinguished by Furie's ex- traordinary feel for empty spaces and the empty people that inhabit them, by strong acting (Redford never suc- cumbs to the star's temptation to dis- sociate himself subtly from the char- acter when asked to play a crud ), most of all by the success with which it makes an unfamiliar milieu familiar. Wherever you find it, the national ob- session with winning and losing is never more elevated or elevating than its most absurd reduction, which just may be a bike race in the boondocks. by Richard Schickel NOW! DODGE POLARA FOR $218.^ OFF. Buy this specially equipped Dodge Polara Custom and get air conditioning for more than half off. That's the same as having $218 taken off the sticker price.* OFFER INCLUDES: ■ Thick foam-padded seats ■ Deep pile carpeting ■ Silent Torsion-Quiet Ride ■ Automatic transmission I Power steering I Power disc brakes I AM radio I Deluxe wheel covers I 3-speed electric wipers I Remote-control mirror I Tinted glass, all windows I Vinyl roof (luggage rack on wagons) I White sidewall tires I Electric clock I Bumper guards I Light Package Factory- Installed Air- conditioning Special. Retail>rice, $4 1 8.30. lesslff f 8.70 sales discount. Similar savings on all V8 models in the Polara and Monaco lines. THIS 15 OflC OP THOSE FAACY RUfll DRIflKI WITHOUT THE COCOAUT SHELL .STRIPED STRAWS. FRUIT JUKES, ORAAGE SLICES, PLASTIC fllOAKEVS AAD FLOWERS. IT'S RUm-On-THE-ROCKS. DOA'T KAOCK IT TILL YOU'VE TRIED IT. It may sound like the last thing you'd ever want to try. But that's only how it sounds. It's not how it tastes. Of all straight alcoholic beverages, White Puerto Rican Rum is probably the easiest and smoothest to drink. When you take away all the fruit juices and decorations, you discover why the fancy rum drinks taste good. Rum tastes good. At least, Puerto Rican Rum does. Our mm is light and clear and dry with no bite or strong aroma. Because all Puerto Rican Rums are distilled at high proof. And aged. And filtered with charcoal for added smoothness. Try pouring straight gin, straight vodka and White Puerto Rican Rum over ice. Then taste each one. The smoothness of the rum is bound to surprise you. If you never drink your drinks on the rocks, even our rum may not make a rum-on-the-rocks drinker out of you. But it certainly will get rid of any false impressions you have about the taste of Puerto Rican Rum. THE RUmJ OF PUERTO RKO A free recipe hook is yours for the asking. Write: Rums of Puerto Rico, 666 Fifth Ave., NX, NX 10019. treasures in chocolate. Gold Chest from a ScHraffO> What a delicious way to say thank you for a wonderful time! Or, Happy Birthday! Happy Holidays! Wish you were here! Hooray it's Friday! Rich Schrafft's chocolates in the Gold Chest are a welcome gift for any occasion. They're pure chocolate, crunchy nuts, creamy creams, tangy fruits packed in golden divider trays. The very best candies you can give, the very best way to show your appreciation . . . chocolates from Schrafft's. At drugstores and fine candy counters. Schrafft's Thin Mints Take home a box of re- freshing Schrafft's Thin Mints for entertaining or special treats. Brisk minty flavor surrounded with bitter sweet choco- late. Delicious! At food stores and candy count- era, everywhere. ScHrafftJs SCHRAFFT CANDY COMPANY, Boston, Mass. 02129 Division ot Helme Piodocts Ik ^> LIFE THEATER REVIEW Kurt Vonnegut's buckshot comedy HAPPY BIRTHDAY, WANDA JUNE I Incertainty, in one form or anoth- U cr, bedevils many modern drama- lists, most frequently over endings. Happy Birthday. Wanda June, for example, rolls to a deadlock when a bullying big-game hunter threatens to shoot a peace-loving young doctor unless he kneels and apologizes for calling him a clown. The brave doc- tor refuses. Then what happens? At least three endings were supplied at various stages in the development of the production. (I) The hunter, suddenly robbed of his bluster, shot himself dead. (2) He shot himself but missed. (3 ) ( Written and rehearsed af- ter the play opened.) The doctor kneels and apologizes, but then in an epilogue we hear that he was shot lat- er anyway — by a sniper in the park — and in a final orgy of violence all life is destroyed by an atomic blast. Thus it would seem that the uncer- tain author, Kurt Vonnegut Jr., de- cided to blow up the earth only as an afterthought. Uncertainty is a special problem for venturous novelists like Vonnegut (along with Saul Bellow and Bruce Jay Friedman ) who, o i their sporadic forays into the theater, want to shake up the stage and let their imaginations rip. Yet, for all that the theater offers now an embarrassment of freedoms, authors must still heed the few stub- born needs of an audience. Compared to individual readers, all audier cm are square. They demand to be firmly led, and they need things to make sense, not always literal sense, but gut-sense. Vonnegut thinks his archaic war- rior-hero, Harold Ryan, is a little like Ulysses. So he names Ryan's wife Pe- nelope. When the play starts, Ryan has been missing eight years since his plane vanished over the Amazon. Re- turning home on his birthday, Ryan doesn't even recognize his 1 2-year-old son. who still worships his father's memory, and finds Penelope with two suitors. She favors the peace-loving doctor who plays the violin. Stalking and snorting around his old apartment, which is hung with heads of animals, Ryan tries to imbue his son with the joys of killing, takes him to a funeral home to accus- tom the lad to corpses. Since Ryan has never been a satisfactory lover, being much too hasty for any woman's plea- sure, his wife sticks by her musical doctor. Ryan vents his fury by bash- ing the doctor's rare old violin and hanging its battered remains from a rhinoceros lusk on the wall. Vonnegut leads us, as he should, to a final show- down between the two men, Ryan Playwright Vonnegut at rehearsal with gun and sword and the doctor with his poisonous word, "clown." The only trouble is that during the evening Vonnegut sets up so many funny sideshows that he draws atten- tion away from the plot. He beguiles us with Ryan's implausible sidekick, a pilot who dropped the atom bomb on Nagasaki, acted by William Hick- ey with such dopey gentleness that he might have shambled out of The Wiz- ard of Oz. Then Vonnegut tosses us a half-dozen scenes in heaven, where ev- erybody plays shuffleboard for eter- nity. There we meet little Wanda June who gets into the play and its title on the flimsiest possible pietext: while her mother was buying her a birth- day cake with her name on it, the child was run over by a truck. The cake was never picked up but bought second- hand for Ryan's bit thday, with the in- scription still to be scraped off. Admirers of Vonnegut's novels will rejoice in these irrelevancies that point to the irrationality of the world, and the fans of his Slaughterhouse-Five will be amused to see that a minor character from the novel, battle ex- pert Bertram Rumfoord, is an embryo of the play's Harold Ryan. But even to people unfamiliar with Vonnegut's work, his first play, meandering as it is, makes for a crazily rewarding eve- ning. The acting is all excellent, ex- cept for one piece of miscasting: Kevin McCarthy's obvious intelli- gence and decency of spirit are so at odds with the coarseness of his role as Ryan that he appears to be strug- gling to make a sow's ear out of a silk purse. The play has an added fasci- nation because it exemplifies a new theatrical era when playwrights are far less concerned with a straight sto- ry that builds to an inevitable ending than with producing a series of shocks and responses. This is buckshot dra- maturgy, but it has its own values and advantages. Though Vonnegut is dis- mayed by the human condition, it is natural to him to package his outrage as random jokes and escapades. His third and last ending was a step toward dramatic clarity. For since his comedy is really a warning against vi- olence, he drove it home with the ul- timate violence: he destroyed the world. His producer, however, object- ed, and the new ending was never put in. No certainty for playwrights anywhere. by Tom Prideaux LIFE Theater Cr:(ic Copyrighted material PRODUCT OF SCOTLAND, WILLIAM LAWSON' S 120 Light Years In 1849 William Lawson's men found the way to make the light scotch whisky you drink today. William Lawson's Scotch Whisky. A light blend of rare scotch whiskies that has soothed many a Scottish throat since that eventful day. And that's the long and the short of William Lawson's. Wi-LIAM LAWSON (WHISKY) L«* 100% BLENDED SCOTCH WHISKY • 86 PROOF • BOTTLED IN SCOTLAND - IMPORTED BY PALMER S LORD LTD., SYOSSET, N.Y. lalerial The conservative way to make a radical change. Great Day gets inside gray hair and puts the color back in. And leaves the rest of your hair alone. And doesn't come off on pillows or collars. It has no peroxide at all, so it doesn't harm your hair at all. In fact, it really conditions your hair and makes it look fuller. You can do it a little at a time, so nobody'll notice. And you don't have to go all the way to dark. You can leave as much of the gray as you like. But if you'd rather not get used to any -/4" 5'VA" Weight 307 lbs 121 lbs. Bust 54" 35" Waist 48" 28" Hips 56" 36" Dress 52 10 When I got down to what I am now, 121 pounds, I said to my husband: "Step aside, Harold. Hollywood next." Look at me here, 300-pound smiling Tootsie. At this point, I thought the only place to go was the circus. 22 Copyrighted material v . 1 ? * J. C } Announcing a new direction in stereo. Just lift up on what looks like an FM/AM stereo radio. And it becomes something else. A phonograph, too. It's a beautiful switch on the old phonograph-on-top-radio-underneath bit. Our "Spartan." And the FM/AM and FM stereo radio is on top of everything. With an FET tuner that catches your favorite station no matter how weak it is. And AFC on FM that keeps it from drifting away. The Stereo Eye that lights up when you're tuned to a stereo program. And the stereo selector that keeps monaural from diluting your stereo. And, and, and. ( So our new direction will stay new for a long, long time, the "Spartan" is stuffed to its silver-trimmed midnight black cabinet with Panasonic Solid-State devices. ) And when the radio goes up, it's un- covering just about the best protected 4-speed turntable in the world. A turn- table worth protecting. With its magnistate cartridge and diamond stylus for all the gems in your record collection. 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The longest mileage motor oil you can buy LIFE FOUNDER Henry R. Luce 1898-1967 Editor-in-Chief Chairman of the Board President Chairman, EXECUTIVE Commit! ff Senior Staff Editor Hcdlcy Donovan Andrew Heiskell James R. Shcpley James A. Linen Daniel Seligman Vice Chairman Roy E. Larscn EDITOR Thomas Griffith MANAGING EDITOR Ralph Graves ASSISTANT MANAGING EDITORS Philip Kunhardt Robert Ajcmian Don Moscr Irwin Gluskcr Art Director Charles Elliott, John Thome Richard Pollard David Maness Marian A. MacPhail Copy EDITORS Director of Photography Administration Chief of Research SENIOR EDITORS Gene Farmer. James Fixx, Steve Gelman, Lee Hall, Mary Lealherbee, Scot Lcavitt, Gerald Moore, Milton Orshefsky, Russell Sackctt, David Schcrman, Dorothy Seiberling, Richard Stollcy. STAFF WRITERS Loudon Wainwright Barry Karrell, Jane Howard, Donald Jackson, Edward Kern, William McWhirter, Richard Meryman. Thomas Thompson. PHOTOGRAPHIC STAFF Carlo Bavagnoli, Larrv Burrows. Ralph Crane, Walter Daran. John Dominis, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Bill Eppridgc, Fritz Goro, Farrell Grchan, Henry Groskinsky, Yale Joel, Mark KauMman, Dmitri Kcsscl, Nina Lcen. John Locngard, Leonard McCombc, Vernon Merritt III, Ralph Morse, Carl Mydans, Lcnnart Nilsson, John Olson, Gordon Parks, Bill Ray, Co Rcntmccster, Arthur Rickcrby, Michael Rougier, George Silk, Grey Villct, Stan Wayman. photographic department Margaret Sargent (Deputy), Barbara Baker, Barbara Brewster. Anne Drayton, Claudia Grassi, Ruth Lester. M. L. Paccnt. Barbara Ward, Carol Young. Laboraiory: Herbert Orth. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Ronald Bailey. Wilbur Bradbury, Robert Brigham. Michael Durham, Tom Flaherty, Patricia Hunt, Tom Hyman, Frank Kappler. William Lambert, Stephen Mahoncy, Michael Mok, John Ncary, Berry Stainbaek, Paul Trachtman, Denny Walsh, Greg Walter. Hal Wingo. ASSISTANT EDITORS Sam AngclotT, Audrey Ball, Joan Barthel, Ann Bayer, Nellie Blagden, David Bourdon, Kay Brigham, William Bruns, Josephine Burke, Mathildc Camacho, Betty Dunn, Frances Glennon, Muriel Hall, Adrian Hope, Janet Mason, Alicia Moore. Maggie Paley, Marion Steinmann, Robert Stokes, Jozefa Stuart. Felix von Moschziskcr. REPORTERS Rosemary Alexander, Adrienne Anderson. Laura Bell. Eva Borsody. Sean Callahan, Charles Childs, Marilyn Daley, Martha Fay, Anne Fitzpatrick, Richard Gore, Judy Gurovitz, Jill Hirschy, Anne Hollister, Gaylcn Moore, Irene Neves, Janice Pikey, Jean Sua t ton, Marian Taylor, Constance Tuhhs, Lucy Voulgaris, Elsie Washington, James Walters, Marie-Claude Wrenn. Sylvia Wright. Margaret Zug. COPY READERS Helen Deuell (Chief), Dorothy Illson, Elizabeth Frappollo, Barbara Fuller, Marguerite Hyslop, Joan Minors, Joyce O'Brien, Carolyn Sackctt, Sydney Stackpolc, Joseph Wigglcsworth. LAYOUT Robert Clivc, Earlc Kersh, John Voglcr (Art Directors), William Shogren (Color), John Hammond, David Young (Production), John Geist, Albert Ketchum, Modris Ramans, Louis Valentino, Bernard Waber. Sanac Yamazaki, George Arthur, Christian von Rosenvingc, Lincoln Abraham, Ernest Lofblad, John Loggie, David Stech (International Editions). REGIONAL BUREAUS Lucy Lane Kelly (New York Desk) Washington: Jack Ncwcombe, Reginald Bragonier Jr., Margery Bycrs, David Sheridan: Los Angfles: John Frook, Judy Fayard, John Fried, Richard Woodbury; Chicago: Colin Leinstcr, Joan Downs. Dale Winner: Paris: Rudolph Chelminski, Robin Espinosa, Nadine Liber, Peter Young: Lonixjn: Jordan Bonfantc, Dorothy Bacon; Bonn: Gerda Endler: Hong Kong: John Saar. TIME-LIFE NEWS SERVICE Murray J. Gart (Chief); R. Edward Jackson. Robert Parker (Deputies); Senior Correspondent: John Steele. Washington: Hugh Sidev: Chicago: Champ Clark; Los Angeles: Donald NelT; New York: Frank McCulloch: Atlanta: Joseph Kane; Boston: Gregory H. Wierzynski; Houston: Leo Janos: Detroit: Peter Vanderwicken; San Francisco: Jesse Birnbaum; OTTAWA! Richard Duncan; Toronto: Peter Simms: Calgary: Ed Ogle; United Nations: Frederick Gruin; London: Curl Prendergast: Paris: William Rademaekers; Bonn: Benjamin W. Catc; Rome: James Bell; Common Markft: Rudolph Rauch III: Eastern Europe: Burton Pines; Moscow: Jcrrold Schectcr; Far East : Louis Kraar; East Africa: John Blashill: West Africa: James Wilde: Beirut: Gavin Scott: Mediterranean: Lee Griggs; New Delhi: Dan Coggin: Hong Kong: Bruce W. Nclan: Saigon: Marsh Clark; Bangkok: Stanley Cloud: Tokyo: Edwin Rcingold: Sydney: Ernest Shirley; Si -i in America: David Lee: Cabie Disk: Minnie Magazine. EDITORIAL SERVICES Paul Welch (Director), Frederick Rcdpath, Robert Boyd Jr., Peter Draz, Margaret Fischer, George Karas, Doris O'Ncil. Editorial Business Manager Richard M. Emerson Syndication Gedeon de Margitay Publisher General Manager Assistant General Manager Circulation Director Promotion Director Business Manager Garry Valk John A. Walters William J. Conway Robert J. Moore Charles Rubens II George J. Dowling Associate Publisher- Auv. Sales Dirictor Lee HelTner Before Nelson's triumph atTrafalgar, we were allradition. Wherever you travel, look for this label. It's your assurance of world-renowned quality. \Xc made it great. YEm made it fan i< >us. White Horse Scotch 86 PROOF • FOUR ROSES DISTILLERS CO, N.V.C. • SOLE IMPORTERS FOR U.S.A. PICTURES TO THE EDITORS Sirs: Mary Ann Smoke of Toledo wore a dress that caused a sensation when she turned up in the Royal Oak, Mich, shopping center. What spectators found, with various emo- tional reactions, was that Mary Ann was not a topless fashion adven- turess but a pretty 20-year-old girl in an India-print maxi. Her hair hides the neck strap that is crucial to the success of the dress, which was de- signed by her boyfriend. James Hubbard Oak Park, Mich. i gleg* It's more than one third of his little life. Let him spend it dreaming inWamsutta with Mickey and his Friends. (By the way, these No-Iron sheets and pillowcases are child's play to care for.) Other sleep-over companions: Bozo the Clown, Sleeping Beauty, Raggedy Ann&Andy, Peter Pan and Snow White. In Sheets, Pillowcases and Towels WAMSUTTA MILLS (DIVISION OF M LOWENSTEIN « SONS. INC.) Ill WEST 40th STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. 10018. WALT DISNEY CHARACTERS; ®WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS HE WAMSUTT/ PECIAL NUMRE 5000. ANY TIME, ANY PICTURES TO THE EDITORS "BULL'S BLOOD" 1. "LIQUID GOLD" 2. THE EMPEROR'S OWN SAKE 3. THE GREY FRIAR 4. AND BURGUNDY FROM FRANCE'S "GOLDEN SLOPE" 5. 'Now, for the first time, a group of American nine importers, merchants and connoisseurs have combined in one commercially available collection the best top quality imported wines from abroad. These wines, each a classic in its homeland, are now avail- able and distributed to a number of better package stores in this area. International Vintage Wines calls the attention of the discriminating buyer to five of these extraordinary, classical u ines: 1. "Bull's Blood " Egri Bikaver — a robust, full-bodied Hungarian red u ine which, because of its deep color, is called "Bidl's Blood'.' Mildly dry yet smooth, it is excellent with steak, roasts, venison and goulash. Look for the bull's head on the label. 2. "Liquid Gold " Tokay Aszu Wine of Hungary — golden, fragrant, exquisite, once so scarce itwas knoun as "LiquidGold'.' The perfect wine with dessert, cheese, fruit, or coffee. 3. The Emperor's Ott n Sake Kiku Masamune Sake— the leg- endary light brew from Japan, by appointment to his majesty, The Em- peror. Rich yet delicate in flavor, taken warm or chilled as an aperitif, during or after meals. Largestseller of Japan's 5,000 sokes. 4. The Grey Friar Greyfriar Szurkebarat Hungarian Wine. Dry, full-bodied, with a char- acteristic mellou' bouquet unique to Lake Balaton of Hungary. Excellent chilled u'ith fowl or game dishes. Burgundy from France 's Golden Slope Bouchard Pere Fils Beaune du Chateau — a full-bodied, fine quality red Burgundy from the best estates of the firm founded in 173 1. Made with PinotNoir grapes from the Cote d'Or, the famous Golden Slope of Burgun- dy. Look for the House of Bouchard on the label. International Vintage Wines. Merchants ol the lines! bottlings ol Europe and California. 601 Fourth Street. San Francisco, California 941 07 Sirs: While walking through downtown Montreal with my camera I hap- pened to look up just in time to see one of our city's distinguished bish- ops, Monsignor Ignace Bourget, giving a spiritual lift to some window- washers on the IBM Building. Henri Remillard Montreal, Quebec imiflfiiiiiH"" ■■■■■■■■■■■■ IBI HIIIIIBIBIII IIIIIIHI" IIIIIIIIH -UIIIHI IIIIIH ii Sirs: One Sunday while out on a walk I saw this ripply reflection of a church in a new insurance building going up in Los Angeles. The un- evenness of the image, by the way, convinced the contractor that the glass was imperfect. It has since been replaced. Susan Bryant Hollywood, Calif. J - » 1 1 fHv I SOME PEOPLE HAVE ALL THE FUN. JOIN THEM. * Learn to ski. It isn't as hard as you always thought. Because as we said here last week, the Killington method of Ac- celerated instruction makes it easy. And it isn't as expensive as you always thought because at Killington, the boss thinks that learning ought to be easy on your pocketbook too. Make your plans around ours. Our Accelerated Method starts teaching you the moves on easy-to- handle short skis instead of hard-to- handlc long skis. It's available in three versions. A 5-day mid-week plan. A 7-day full-week plan. And a 2-day weekend plan. Amazing but true. _ is really unbelievable. For : n-itancc',' «air 5-day mid-week vacation-cdsts $701 At this price you get use of all lifts (worth $47.50 at weekend rates). You get the use of Head skis with a revolutionary new release binding, plus buckle boots, plus poles ( total value : around $600) . You get 5 days of lessons worth an- other $30. Plus 5 days of parties, movies and after-skiing social activ- ities which we won't even try to put a price on. And at the end of the week ...you know how to ski. You name it we have it. There are other vacation plans, of course. Plans for the skier with a wife and kids, that offer discounts like the air- line family plans. Plans for the skier who wants to take lessons. A plan for advanced skiers who want 5 days of intensive mountain ski instruction. Even a plan for the skier who doesn't want to bother with a plan. But this is just one page, and there- fore only part of the story. For more information (free) clip this and send it to our kindly marketing director. Foster Chandler 625 Killington Road Killington, Vermont 05751 ADD. ESS UII 1I.IL .1. I He'll flood your living roo informative literature. Killington, Vermont. World's Capital of Lcarni Copyr LETTERS TO THE EDITORS DICK CAVETT Sirs: Thank you for your cover story ("Cavett Off Can-era," Oct. 30). As a 19-year-old sophomore at the Univer- sity of Washington, you can include me in what your article called "a live core of the young audience" who watch Ca- vett regularly. His show is one of the best television has to offer, with a format that attempts to be informative as well as entertaining. I hope he will be around for a long time. Drew L. Lesse Seattle, Wash. Sirs: Just finished reading LOT and read where Dick Cavett needs anti-stat- ic socks. I find that rinsing my hus- band's socks in a fabric softener, then putting them in the dryer helps get the static out. Hope it works for you. Mrs. John Shirlaw Ambler, Pa. Sirs: What bowled me over was the picture of Dickie in his bare feet. There was something strange about that pic- ture and I discovered what it was. "It can't be," I told myself. But I looked again and by golly I was right. Dick has six toes on each foot. Sam Shreero Miami, Fla. ► Not so. — ED. Sirs: Cheers for your recognition of Dick Cavett. He has not only accom- plished the impossible but achieved the unlikely on TV. His intellectual candor, his sensitivity and his charm have squelched the notion that the late show MC had to look out for his own skin first and let guests and audience eat cake! And cheers to Louis, that lovable poodle ham. Eric H. Bruch Cleveland, Ohio Sirs: If you look at the picture of the Cavetts on page 41, you will see a white Maltese with his tongue sticking out. Harvey E. Dlugatch Reseda, Calif Sirs: Are you sure that darling little dog sitting on Dick Cavctt's lap is not a Yorkshire terrier? I myself own a "Yorkie" that looks suspiciously like that Sealyham. Holly Michaels New York. N.Y. Sirs: If Dick's Daphne is a Sealyham, then w hat in the name of Westminster am I supposed to do with my Heather, who insists that she is a West Highland terrier, has the pedigree to prove it and is, honestly, Daphne's twin right down to the last goofy eyebrow? Mrs. Carter Bloomfifld Richfield Springs, N.Y. ► Proud but unpedigreed. Daphne ft no Sealyham, nevertheless comes from no- ble stock: part Cairn and part Yorkshire terrier. — ED. Sirs: It was interesting to read that Dick Cavett and his wife "stretch out with their feet in each other's laps." There is really quite a stunt. When my wife and I feel like relaxing togeth- er wc stand back to back and rub noses. Another way is to put your left cars together and look into each oth- er's eyes. Roger B. Hodgson Cummaquid, Mass. DULHUNTY OF THE OUTBACK Sirs: As an Aussie I am often asked, "What are Australians and Australia like?" I shall refer all enquiries to your article on Dulhunty ("Dulhunty, Hard Man of the Outback," Oct. 30). This has to be the most illuminating story you have ever run on the "land down under." Our independent spirit, the harsh dusty outback and the vast dis- tances have combined to make Aus- tralians the world's toughest soldiers, greatest sportsmen, and the leading per capita consumers of beer, character- istics admirably displayed by Dulhunty. George Rehmet San Francisco. Calif. THE CONSERVATIVE PITCH Sirs: The irony of the growing appeal of conservatism and repression in the quest for law and order ("Conservative Is the Way To Sound," Oct. 30) is that conservative societies have historically been the breeding ground for violent revolution. The election of men such as Ronald Reagan can only serve to an- tagonize and radicalize the moderate critics of society. Paul Zimmerman North Hollywood, Calif. Sirs: Regarding Paul O'Neil's article on Reagan and the "200 brown-faced Chicano farm workers and their wom- en" who were at the airport: I doubt if they were all brown, since Chicano complexions range from whiter-than- Reagan through the color spectrum. Wouldn't "angry," "proud," "deter- mined" all be more relevant descriptive adjectives? Chicanos have wives and daughters, sisters and mothers just as all Americans have. The phrase "and their women" reminds me of public fa- cilities in the South years ago that were labeled separately "colored women" and "white ladies." Bettie Magee Ann Arbor, Mich. Sirs: Before 1 went into the Air Force four years ago, we were still drinking beer on campus. Pot and revolution were not on our minds — only grades and our future. I'm in Germany now and am due for discharge in a couple of months. For the last year, I have only known about the U.S. what I read in the papers and magazines. So I would appreciate it if someone would answer a couple of questions I have about the current sta- tus of my country: 1. Does the country really believe what Mr. Nixon is telling them? 2. Do people really believe Ronald Reagan when he says "... but in Cal- ifornia . . . now ... it is again possible to blame the criminal for his crime rath- er than blame society for it . . ."? 3. Am I coming home to this? I would appreciate an answer. I think I'm too scared to find out for myself. Marc Schenker APO New York AVERAGE VOTER Sirs: 1 find your Ohio "Perfect Vot- er" hard to take. It is totally unreal- istic to say she is "in the best sense, un- prejudiced." I would like to sec her in the ghetto areas among the suppressed blacks or any minority groups. She says sweet things about them but doesn't do a damn thing to support them. Why doesn't she spend her time for a wor- thy cause? Books are great but action has results. Mrs. George Olson Jr. Sheridan, Wyo. Sirs: Since Mrs. Bette Lowrey is will- ing to take the responsibility of being a spokeswoman for millions of American voters, we wish she would take an in- formed stand on the pressing issues fac- ing America today. Her views are ir- resolute: "Violence never solves any- thing. . . . Sometimes it takes rioting and dissent to bring change." The frightening aspect of the entire situation is that there are plenty of politicians willing to accommodate these views. Nancy Borzain Eileen Flynn Lucy Potts New Haven, Conn. ART REVIEW Sirs: Rosalyn Drexler's art review of the work of Mary Cassatt ( "Her Roots American, Her Foliage French." Oct. 30) was most flattering to one of the more important American expatriate painters — along with Sargent and Whistler. However, 1 take exception to her statement that ". . . she was our greatest impressionist painter." First, although many of her themes superfi- cially appeared impressionistic, they lacked the spontaneity of true impres- sionists such as Monet, Renoir, Sisley, Pissarro, etc. Second, American art produced a whole school of real impres- sionists who followed and even studied with their European peers: Childe Has- sam, John Henry Twachtman, J. A. Weir and Theodore Robinson. I think your readers should be aware of these artists. George M. Cohen Professor of American Art History and Humanities Hofstra University Hempstead, N.Y. Sirs: Your magazine is sensitive to vi- tal conservation issues, but apparently art critic Rosalyn Drexler is not. Wearing new alligator shoes (import- ed from France) on her recent jaunt to the Cassatt exhibit in Washington, D.C. says much about her insensitivity to na- ture, unlike the famed artist. Bruce E. Weber Fort Collins, Colo. PARTING SHOTS Sirs: You say that "the success of any fashion depends mainly on wheth- er the beautiful people wear it" ( "The Midi That Wouldn't Die," Oct. 30) and then you show some well-known women in their midis — but they are no longer beautiful' I feel sorry for wom- en who are such slaves to the dictates of the designers. The fashion magazines tell us that to- day "fashion is fun," but the midi is not fun, it's funny! Mrs. Robert Rosberg Cincinnati, Ohio Sirs: Long if ml pretty. May the midis bite the dust and take John Fairchild and the Paris designers with them! I, for one, will slick it out with minis. Mollie Steward Bridgeton, N.J. Sirs: We've waited three long months to witness the death of the midi! Thank God for Princess Margaret — she killed it in one day! The Men oe the Norfolk & Western Railroad Fort Wayne, Ind. Sirs: The other day I saw two other- wise attractive girls attired in midis, the first I have seen in several months. They looked like frumps. And all the midi- clad types pictured in your Oct. 30 issue look like frumps too. William L. Sullivan Jr. Rockville, Md. Sirs: Come on, Lire magazine. Show your readers that for the first time in his- tory women are defying "fashion ex- perts" and wearing what they please. Kathy Cortes New York, N.Y. Sirs: Face it: the midi is an Edsel. You and Time and all the king's men can't put the midi together again. A pox on greedy fashion designers! Long live the independence of the American woman! Karen Lindesmith Philadelphia, Pa. Sirs: Please don't hide those dimpled knees. The round rich rise of thighs. Please don't hide those women's things Attractive to men's eyes. To hell with midi, pants and slacks; Let's keep the mini in! Man doesn't live by face alone. He also needs some skin. Russ Sholp Cincinnati, Ohio I. TO WRITE ABOU T YOUR SUBSCRIPTION: Change of address, billing, adjustment, complaint, renewal— address: LIFE SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE, S41 North Fairbanks Ci., Chicago, IU. 60611. Charles A. Adams, Vice Pres. Attach present address label in space at right. (If you are receiving duplicate copies, please attach both labels.) This will help us identify you quickly and accurately. We arc able to answer inquiries by telephone in many areas. Please note your number here: area code- _ phone- 2. TO ORD ER A NEW SUBSCRIPTION: Check box □ and use form at right for your address. Mail to LIFE SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE at the address given above. Subscription rale: U.S.. 1 year SJ0.00. in Canada, I year SI 2.00. 3. TO WRITE ABOUT EDITORIAL OR ADVERTISING. CONTENTS: Address: LIFE, Time 1 Life BIdg., Rockefeller Center, New York, N.Y. 10020. MOVING? PLEASE NOTIFY US A WEEKS IN ADVANCE v_r CUT YOUR OLD ADDRESS LABEL FROM MAGAZINE COVER AND ATTACH OVER THIS AREA Fill in your new address below and mail to: LIFE Subscription Service 541 North Fairbanks Court, Chicago, 111. 60611 U~\ New Address- City -Zip Code- 26A Cop At 100,000 miles per second, the shortest distance between two phones may be a zigzag . At the speed telephone signals travel, a detour isn't a delay. Say you're calling from Boston to Miami. It's quite possible that you'll be routed through San Bernardino, California. But you'll arrive in Miami just as fast. Or only a frac- tion of a second later. Your call goes the long way for just one reason: so you won't get caught in a traffic jam the short way. [When it's an extra-busy 10 a.m. Christmas morning in Boston, it's only 7 a.m. in California J To know when to send you where, network traffic managers aided by computers are watch-dogging mil- lions of calls each day Each of 12 regional centers in North America has its own traffic team that studies a board lit up with calls flashing to their destination. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company and your local Bell Company aren't satisfied just perfect- ing this overland route. Now we're working out wider uses for the communi- cations satellites overhead. So the shortest distance between two phones may take you through outer space. @ The world's fastest car can help win the race with pollution. A revolutionary new kind of vehicle— powered by natural gas— roared to a new world's ground-speed record of 622.407 MPH at Bonneville on October 23. The car— The Blue Flame— marks a dramatic technical breakthrough. It runs on natural gas. The same natural gas that cooks your food and heats your home, only in liquid form. Gas burns clean. It does not dirty the air. Government and industry are now testing natural-gas-powered vehicles in actual city use. Natural-gas-powered vehicles are one of many ways clean gas energy is being used in the fight against pollution. Government and the gas industry are working together to meet the high demand for clean gas energy, and help make more gas avail- able. It's important to everyone. The gas people are doing something about it. AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. 26 D cor naterial THE ALL NEW OPEL 1900. NO OTHER ECONOMY CAR (FOREIGN OR DOMESTIC) GIVES YOO ALL THIS. The Opel story is simple. You simply get a lot more car for your money. The new Opel 1900 offers many things as standard equipment that small cars offer as optional equipment. Or not at all. For example, the Opel 1900 is the econ- omy car with hydraulic valve lifters, just like the big American luxury cars, for a quiet-running engine and eliminating the need for adjustments. The Opel 1900 has front power disc brakes for quick, smooth, straight-line stops. As standard equipment. Some small cars don't even have disc brakes, let alone power ones. The Opel 1900 has lots and lots of room. About 5 inches more hip room in our back seat than the widest of the new small do- mestic cars. And please notice, the Opel has adjustable backs on its front bucket seats as standard equipment. The Opel 1900 is one of the very few economy cars with dual front headlights. The Opel 1900's trunk is 11.4 cubic feet big. That's bigger than some larger Ameri- can cars. And if you've seen the trunk open- ing on any of the new small cars, you'll ap- preciate the new Opel 1900. You can get big things into the trunk without scraping your knuckles and elbows. The Opel 1900 has a four-speed gear box as standard equipment. And a three-speed, fully automatic trans- mission is available. Notice, too, that the Opel 1900 gives you rear, swing-open side windows as standard equipment. An important comfort in ven- tilation. Things like wheel trim rings, chrome drip rails, window trim moldings and fancy vinyl upholstery can really dress up a car. And they're all standard equipment on an Opel 1900. But maybe you want an economy car just for the great gas mileage and easy handling. The Opel 1900 gets great gas mileage and we turn tight . . . 31.8 feet with only three turns of the wheel. See all the Opel 1900s (1900 Sedan, 1900 Sport Coupe, the zoomy 1900 Rallye and the beautiful 1900 Wagon) at your Buick-Opel dealer's. Over 2,000 of them sell and service Opel from coast to coast. Wh i le you 're there, see the other new Opels, too. Available this year is a new four-door sedan, in addition to a two-door sedan and an economy wagon. And they've got many of the things the 1900s have. Plus one other wonderful advantage— they're less expensive. After you've seen all the new Opels, if you can find an economy car that you think gives you more than Opel, congratulations. You've done more than we could. BUICK MOTOR DIVISION Opel 1900 Sport Coupe in Alpine White. BUM'S FOREIGN ECONOMY CAR. Ci aterial Been looking for that great, ungainly pen your father had in 1927? Big Red writes again Recently a young woman friend of ours went up to her folks' attic. As she rummaged through the ostrich-feather boas and raccoon coats, a huge Chinese-red pen fell onto the floor. Parker Duofold, it said on the side. This is positively Victorian, she thought. Modern pens are sleek and shiny. This is a plain and honest handful. Her conclusion: Here was a find, a treasure from the good old days. And we're inclined to agree with her. Too many good things get lost in the shuffle. It's time to get back to fundamental values. It's time for virtue to triumph. So we're bringing back the giant of a pen that roared through the Twenties and Thirties writing checks, letters, autographs, great novels, jazz and mash notes. Yes, Big Red writes again. Not that he hasn't been modernized somewhat. He now has a soft tip. And he now refills conveniently with a cartridge in four vivid colors. But he's the same Big Red at heart— and he's yours for just $5. That's right, $5. Where else can you find such a marvelous fun-gift at that Victorian price? So think big. Give big. Big Red —the most substantial gift in town. tPARKER Maker of the world's most wanted pens COD' Harry Hartman By Dorothy Lambert Brightbill CROSS-STITCH A CHILD'S A new kind of casual cross-stitch makes this child's prayer easy, fast to do. The stitches slant and tilt engagingly, completely in tune with the whim- sical mother animals and their babies. Design is stamped on 100 percent creamy white linen (cut size, 17x20"); brightly colored embroidery floss and instructions are included in kit =CPS-152; S2. (Frame, plywood backing, and hook are not included in kit.) Fill out coupon and enclose check or money order. All orders shipped promptly! Full moneyback guarantee. Creative Stitchery Dept. 4572, 4500 N.W. 135th St., Miami, Florida 33054 I enclose $ . for item(s) checked below. #61015 Child's Prayer Kit $2. #61135 Frame for above Kit $3. ( Please add 25c post, for each kit and 50c post, for each frame. ) □ SAVE MONEY! Send only J4 for 2 Child's Prayer Kits. (We pay the postage and you save 50c.) Extra kit makes a perfect giftl □ Check here for BIG ILLUSTRATED NEEDLEWORK BOOK #66087. Simple, easy to follow instructions and tiandy hints for both the novice and the most expert needle worker. The book contains: The ABC's of the 25 basic stitches and their variations, needlework shortcuts, how to select and transfer designs, equipment you'll need and other valuable information. Only $1.98 plus 25c post, and handling. Please Print Name Address City State Zip The Editors of LIFE announce PART I Life with Stalin: the full horror of the dictator's last years, as the inner group suffered the threat of death PART III A vivid picture of Stalin's death scene, the bizarre plotting that led to the overthrow of Police Chief Beria 30 World War II as Khrushchev saw it at the front: Stalin's fear and cowardice in the days of disaster PART IV The quarrel with China and a fresh view of Mao, what Khrushchev really did to cause the 1962 Cuban crisis No Russian leader — until now — has addressed history with inti- mate and personal reminiscences spanning his life and that of the So- viet Union itself. Next week Life begins publishing, in four in- stallments, the reminiscences of Nikita Khrushchev, that many- faceted man who climbed from a peasant boyhood all the way up the Communist Party ladder to sit as an equal with the world's heads of state. In 1953, when he first gained the Party Secretary- ship, he became the most important figure in the Soviet Union; from 1957 until 1964, as both Party Secretary and Premier, he was absolute master of one of the world's two superpowers. During those years he was a vivid, colorful and dangerous figure to the West. Since he was overthrown six years ago, he has lived as a "pen- sioner" in a modest dacha 1 5 miles southwest of Moscow. The document excerpted by Life, to be published next month in book form by Little, Brown and Company with the title Khru- shchev Remembers, is written in the first person. It constitutes an in- sider's view of Soviet leadership over three decades, and it incor- porates a denunciation of Stalin's abuses which is all the more con- vincing since it comes from a loyal Soviet citizen. Khrushchev him- self explains why he is finally speaking out: "I tell these stories because, unpleasant as they may be, they contribute to the self-pu- rification of our Party. I speak as a man who stood for many years at Stalin's side. As a witness to those years, I address myself to the generations of the future, in hope that they will avoid the mistakes of the past." In his introduction to Khrushchev Remembers, Edward Crank- shaw, the British scholar and foremost Khrushchev biographer, writes, about this document: "To anyone who had listened to him in the days of his prime, or read his speeches in Russian, there was no mistaking the authentic tone. So what we have is an extraor- Copyrighted material the first publication of a unique historical document USHCHEV MEMBERS dinary, a unique historical document. It is the first thing of its kind to come from any Soviet leader of the Stalin and post-Stalin eras. It takes us straight into what has been hitherto a forbidden land of the mind. And for me the supreme interest and value of this nar- rative lies in the unconscious revelation of the underlying attitude: the assumptions, the ignorances, the distorted views, which must be shared to a greater or lesser degree by all those Soviet leaders who came to maturity under Stalin. "What Khrushchev does not do, perhaps cannot do, is provide the clue to his own astonishing transformation from one of Sta- lin's most reliable henchmen into the international figure who, to- ward the end of his career, was showing signs of wisdom of a really superior kind. The qualities were not suddenly added to him: they must have been latent all the time, when, to all ap- pearances, as a determinedly Party professional, sycophantic to- ward his master, bullying toward his subordinates, maneuvering round his rivals with deep peasant cunning, he was visibly dis- tinguished from the others only by a certain liveliness of imagi- nation, a warmth of feeling, a sturdy self-reliance, and at times the recklessness of a born gambler." What Khrushchev does do — and this adds a whole new di- mension to our knowledge — is reveal the morbid world of Jo- seph Stalin from a new vantage point. Just as important, Khrushchev also reveals his own fascinating personality: the young man who joined the Communist Party at 24 and fought in the Red-White civil war of 1919-20; the dedicated Party worker who at first served Stalin slavishly and enthusiastical- ly involved himself in the Party infighting which led to the terrible purges of 1936-38; the civilian autocrat of the Ukraine who gradually became aware that his brutish chief in Moscow was, as Khrushchev says, "not quite right in the head." Khrushchev does not attack the present Soviet leadership. Nor does he discuss his own fall from power in 1964, but the fact that it was bloodless was a radical change from the days of Stalin. He is 76 now, an old man diminished by sickness. He had a mild heart at- tack earlier this year, and was reported only two weeks ago to be back in bed. When he is up and about he tries, on doctor's orders, to walk two hours a day. Usually he saunters off to a nearby trade union rest center to chat with ordinary Soviet citizens. In his home he sits and listens to the radio, reads Pravda and the military his- tory of World War II, spends long hours with his family and grand- children — and remembers. Did Khrushchev intend this manuscript to be published in the West? We do not know. Having taken every possible precaution to verify authenticity, Life is certain that this is what Khrushchev wanted to say — to somebody, somewhere — in the knowledge that his time had come and gone, and with the conviction that he had a legitimate place in history. The system which made him, and which he had helped make, discarded him in the end; yet his was an extraordinary achievement all the same. He was something of an original in the Soviet Union, a political leader who really could dream great dreams, and for that Mr. Crankshaw salutes him: "It was one of Khrushchev's greatest achievements that with all his intermittent saber-rattling, his deceptions, his displays of violence, he nevertheless broke out of the Stalinist mold and made it possible for the Western world to hope that a measure of coexistence, more complete than he himself was yet ready to con- ceive, might one day be realized." Khrushchev's story is illustrated with many intimate and hith- erto unpublished pictures. Beginning in LIFE next week An intimate revolution Co-ed dorms put boys and girls together The poised young people at right are Rob Singler,20,and Cindy Stewart, 19, students at Oberlin College in Oberlin. Ohio, and they are the happy benefici- aries of an innovation in campus living that is now spreading all over the country. Rob. a jun- ior, and Cindy, a freshman, live in a co-ed dorm. Though the men's and women's quarters are in different parts of the same building, stu- dents of both sexes are free to visit each other's rooms, as Cindy is visiting Rob here, at any- time of the day — or night. Such revolutionary departures in living ar- rangements are startling to many middle-aged parents, whose own experience was with the tra- ditionally strict segregation of sexes and limited visiting hours carefully clocked by campus cops and housemothers. Parents sometimes anxiously conclude that sex in its most urgent physical manifestations will overwhelm the rest of col- lege life. The morals of their children will be under constant assault. The good clean fun of the good old days — dating for proms, football games, fraternity beer parlies -will be replaced by pleasures more ominously orgiastic. There are less vivid but equally serious fears: that academ- ic interests will suffer badly, and that their sons' and daughters' rights to privacy and to choose their own life-styles will be lost. To a surprising extent, these worries are not supported by the facts of coeducational living at Oberlin, or at the many other colleges and uni- versities around the U.S. where it is practiced in various forms (see page 38). Intense personal re- lationships like Rob's and Cindy's can develop, and occasionally problems do appear. But at Oberlin, the absence of traditional restraints has encouraged an ease and a naturalness enthusi- astically endorsed by both students and faculty. i campus life Oberlin students Rob Singler and Cindy Stewart, here shown in Rob's room, live in a co-ed dorm housing 23 boys and 26 girls. Since meeting this fall, they have become \ery close. In the kitchenette at French House, which is also a co-ed dorm, juniors Jane Redmont and Sandy Heck make "banana-gook" pies for a parly for the house director's 26th birthday. Only some of the students living here are French majors, but all are interest- ed in learning to speak the language. Michael Bohker helps Ann Stimson put her hike together at Barrows Hall (above). Until it became one of Ober- lin's eight co-ed dorms. Barrows Hall was last on the list of living choices. Now the administration has more re- quests for space there (it will take 93 boys, S6 girlsj than it can handle. Freshman Gloria Jackson sings while her classmate Joe May plays the pi- ano in the student lounge at Afro House. The girls in Afro House de- cided not to have co-ed living quar- ters because the place was too small. But with 24-hour visiting privileges, the men are always there anyhow. Men around the house can be useful— and fun, too Photographed by BILL RAY The sexes share laundry eemers in co- ed dorms. Above, freshman Debbie Seim irons while Roger Schachat. a visiting friend of another student, in- spects his clothing. Roger hitchhiked to Obcrlin from his college neat- Boston, and after a night on the cam- pus is thinking of switching schools. Each of the Obcrlin dorms is run bv a student staff and a house director. At left, the student staff in South Hall (238 students) meets for a Nepalesc dinner cooked by the assistant dean of men in the living room of direc- tor Christine Larson (center rear). There is usually plenty of mixed ac- tivity in the corridors of Oberlin's co- ed dorms. Above is the third floor cor- ridor at Dascomb Hall. These stu- dents are dressed up after going on a shopping spree in downtown stores » here discounts were offered for those who came in their nightclothes. They got slide whistles for I lc apiece. The lively residents of (his floor have also organized a VD Squad (Volunteers for Decency), which advocates bed- time stories and the changing of Ober- lin's name (o Wholesome College. The dean found the idea 'very daring'— at first Holly Kempner. below, a freshman in Dascomb Hall, talks with her friends Nick Muni and David Jensen (back 10 ihe camera). These boys are two of Holly's closest friends on the cam- pus, and when she felt in the dumps that night, she simply left her room in the girls" wing and dropped in on them. "I needed cheering up." she ex- plained, "and they can always do it." Obcrlin, a college of 2.491 students, began its experiment | in co-ed dorms and 24-hour visiting with some hesita- tion. Only two years ago \isiting hours were limited to three and a half hours every Sunday; the couple had to keep their feet on the floor at all times, and doors had to be kept open the width of a wastebasket. When students began to ask for co- ed housing. Dean of Students George Langeler recalls. "It seemed very daring, and we thought up all kinds of complications — appro- priate to the attitudes of about 20 years ago." Now Oberlin's new style is in its second year, and Dean Langeler says: "It seems as if we started much longer ago. It already feels like a way of life." Thirty-two percent of Oberlin's students have chosen to live in the eight co-ed dorms (there are 20 other non-co-ed dorms). Perhaps much of their delight has to do with the relief of pressures which used to build up toward the weekend date, and under which young men and women tended to regard each other as rare sexual objects. Says freshman David Jensen: "I came here with the intention of going wild. I went around saying 'Hi!' to every girl I saw. Then suddenly I found myself taking them more for granted as people, something I'd never done before." "You gain so many brothers," remarks one sophomore girl. "Platonic relationships come so easily." So, of course, do less platonic pairings, but it is the opinion of some experts that there is not as much explicit sexual activity in co- educational living as there used to be under the more protective sys- tem. Problems tend to be of another kind: absence of privacy, too much pressure to make alliances, too little freedom for boys to be sloppy or for girls to be pin-curled. At Oberlin. however, co-ed dorms have encouraged a more easy give-and-take in casual meet- ings, an increase in community activity, and a sharing of studies that has not caused grades to drop from their generally good level. Michael Saxe. a junior who is a floor French House sludenls collect in Ihc counselor, talks (above) with Lotta corridor lor their regular late evening Lofgrcn. A sophomore from Sweden. talk. "We used to be shy about being she may transfer to a school where seen in our bathrobes." reports one she can have her own apartment. girl, "but now we don't even notice." 'It's so exciting now on campus. The students have a chance to grow as persons, not just academically/ Rose Montague Dean of Women Instead of the Friday night date, the Friday night identity crisis 'Co-ed living is a healthy innovation at Oberlin that hasn't caused any new psychological problems.' Dr. Martha Verda Counseling Psychologist 'Some parents expect the Oberlin campus to be full of bomb-throwers, perverts and free-lovers. It's not.' Bill McIlrath Assoc. Admissions Director I ate last month Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Heuck and their daughter Susan, a high school se- nior from Cincinnati who is looking over _^ colleges for next fall, visited the Ober- lin campus and were given the full family tour. A student guide showed them the language labs, the costume room in Hall Auditorium (Susan is in- terested in the theater), and the monument cel- ebrating the fact that Oberlin was the first co- educational college in America. '"One thing you don't have to worry about at Oberlin is a drinking problem." the guide reas- sured them. "There just isn't one." But he ad- mitted that a lot of students had tried marijuana. Mr. Heuck remained calm. "Susan has spent thelast three summers away from home." he said, "and we feel that Oberlin's kind of freedom would not be too hard for her to handle." Then the guide mentioned that some of the co- ed dorms allowed around-the-clock visiting hours in the rooms. Susan's father swallowed hard. "We hadn't heard about thai'." Associate Director of Admissions Bill Mcll- rath's answer to parental dismay is another ques- tion. "Did it ever occur to you." he asks, "that boys in your daughter's dorm may look upon her as a sister instead of simply a sex object, and that she'll have a chance to accept them as human beings too?" Oberlin's entire program is one of calculated permissiveness, in which the co- ed dorms are the most spectacular example. After a lone hard look at the kind of students it was at- tracting, Oberlin concluded that an easy rela- tionship between the sexes was essential to stu- dents' well-being. Oberlin students tend to be brighter than nor- mal — but also lonelier. "They're an introspective lot. always questioning their own values, and those of people around them," says Dr. Martha Verda. a psychologist on the college stall'. "Be- cause their parents usually have money, they've always had leisure time, and they spend it with- in themselves." "Life at home for most of the students," Dr. Verda continues, "has been an intellectual ex- perience, without much loving or open emotion. Their parents have pressured them constantly to achieve, to be something, to do something. They're not gang-minded. In high school they never got deeply involved in extracurricular ac- tivities or dating. These young people come here wanting desperately to generate warm human feeling, but no one has ever shown them how." It was to meet this need that Oberlin put men and women on alternate floors or corridors of the same buildings and permitted them unlim- ited visiting hours. Compared to other campus- es, the plan was moderately liberal: some schools have the alternate-floor setup but restrict room visiting (midnight on weekdays, 1 :30 a.m. on w eekends, for instance, at the University of Mary- land). Most liberal of all are such schools as Stanford and Michigan, where men and wom- en live in alternate rooms on the same floors. 38 Co aterial I At Oberlin, administration and students agreed upon the new arrangement in early 1969 after carefully reviewing other co-ed housing systems. "The whole setting — the student staff, the young house directors, the group programs — helps stu- dents learn how to have friends," says Dr. Verda. "As community spirit grows, students don't have to pair off as lovers to get to know each other. They form brother-sister relationships, and take on larger groups of friends." The main activity of these newly made friends is talking with each other. The Friday night date is replaced by the Friday night identity crisis. Dormitory talk sessions often take the form of painfully intense public confessions. Nobody is expected to be at ease with the world or with him- self. Sprawled in corridors and on the floors of rooms, they ask each other, "Who am I? Why can't I relate? Am I really unhappy?" — and then furnish interminable answers. "They test them- selves daily, and not just in the classrooms," says Dean of Men Tom Bechtel. Because the kitchens, study rooms. Coke and candy machines and laundries are deliberately scattered through the dorm buildings, chance encounters between boys and girls occur at ev- ery hour of the day or night, and not really by chance. "Our students are isolated here at Ober- lin," Dean of Students George Langeler observes. "They don't have cars, they can't break out. That makes the campus living arrangements im- portant. We want to put people together long enough and often enough to make a difference for each one." So far the experience at Oberlin has borne out the thesis of Stanford psychologist Joseph Katz that co-ed living does not lead to promiscuity. On the contrary, because so many residents see one another as brother and sister, the ancient ta- boo against incest comes into play and encour- ages friendships to remain just friendly. The cou- ples who do become genuine lovers usually live in separate dorms and do not have to face each other over breakfast every morning. A lot of the social pressure of college life has evaporated at Oberlin. Students assume that most "heavy" couples are sleeping together. Yet they also accept the fact that some couples have been sleeping in the same room together for weeks without ever making love. The administration is pleased with the mood on campus at Oberlin today. "We think the qual- ity of student life is so much more vital and bet- ter than before." says Dean Langeler. Letting the students make their own rules has had a further unpredictable effect. The political radicalization that has explosively divided many campuses has scarcely been felt at Oberlin. Black activists say with mild contempt that the white students "walk around like zombies, content with co-ed dorms, wanting nothing big." Apparently they arc right. The liveliest protest at Oberlin all term has been over compulsory gym classes. Karen Thorsen ONE YOUNG MAN'S JAUNDICED VIEW Not every student who has lived in a co-cd dorm is in favor of it. One who is decidedly opposed is Peter Jay Ehlendt. a 19-year-old honor student, veteran of a year's residence in a mixed dorm at Michigan Slate Univer- sity. He now lives in an apartment far, he says, from "the broads." "What didn't I like about it?" he asks. "The co-eds. all the females running around. You couldn't re- lax, or take to the halls in your skivvies. You couldn't swear or slop down a meal with the guys because there were always a bunch of girls hanging around. "I was all for co-ed living at first. It was instant freedom. The trouble was thai as a freshman just coming in, you didn't know quite how to handle it. "For example, you could have your girl friend in every night in complete privacy. In the dorms you could get in bed with a girl anytime you wanted. If you were hav- ing trouble with a girl you couldn't say, 'Well, 1 can't see you,' because she knew there were no restrictions. Did you ever try studying with a girl in your bedroom? "My grades went down, and I had a lot less fun, too. It caused bad feeling. Like if my roommate wanted to have his girl up and I wanted to study, he'd get mad at me for not going to study someplace else. I had to move out to get privacy — and sanity." CONTINUED 39 Copyrighted material Nancy Stead and Rick Farman, bolh juniors, have been seeing each other constantly since their fresh- man year. Here they are studying in his room. During Rob Singler's radio show, Cindy Stewart keeps him company. They have been going togeth- er all fall but continue to see other friends. An awkward balance of love and privacy If you're looking," Oberlin students say of sex. "there's always some- where you can find it." The fact is that among college-age couples in- tense relationships do develop, and sex almost always plays an im- portant part. Co-ed housing simply makes it convenient. At Oberlin, heavy romances tend to flare up and die away in rapid succession. This caus- es problems. "If you break up with someone. " a student reports, "you can't help seeing each other all the time." Others manage it with less difficulty. "We broke up." one says, "but we've never been closer. We're just not sleep- ing together anymore." Some affairs interfere w ith the lives of others. "My roommate was in the room with his girl," one boy recalls, "and I came back at 2 a.m. to find the door locked. I finally slept on the neighbor's floor." Some find that a room- mate's preoccupation with romance constitutes a real invasion of privacy. Students caught in this predicament try to change roommates, take single rooms or move to other dormitories. The "Oberlin marriage." in which a couple becomes isolated, worries the faculty — but not as much as it did before co-ed dorms were introduced. Now most couples, like those shown here, mix easily with other students. "There are no fifth wheels here," one boy said. "There are just more people to play with." Still, the experience of sudden freedom can have a profound effect, es- pecially on those whose earlier supervision has been watchful and exacting. "After Oberlin," one student says, "how can you bear living at home?" Many Oberlin students speak of the existence of intense personal relationships where the friend- ship is basically platonic. Ann Morelli and Rich- ard Bondi say that theirs is exactly that. ODE TO THE MAN WHO WAS FRANCE by ROMAIN GARY I have been carrying this emblem, this Gaullist Cross of Lorraine, on my chest for more than 25 years and yet. at this early hour of November the 10th, 1970, as the news comes to me over the phone in a broken whisper, there is no hurt, no heaviness of heart, nothing but a strange elation, a soothing pres- ence of absolute security and peace. Something essential has been saved, freed to dwell forever beyond the reach of time, above the evil craw l- ing shadows forever pitched against every source of light. Why this weird, almost gleeful feeling of relief, as if everything I have so deeply be- lieved in, far from being taken away, has been given to me for keeps at last? Is it because the man who was France has always looked at death as at a mere parting with mediocrity? Thank God, Charles de Gaulle has not outlived himself. . . . If there is a regret in my soul and mind — a sharp bite of sorrow on this rainy morning a few hours after a very old man walked away and took my youth with him —it goes to all those things that are linked with the name "De Gaulle" and are receding into the past with the speed of light or are suffocating slowly in the polluted atmosphere of our world and time. A sense of honor, a nobility of spirit, a deep belief in dignity, a refusal to view material achieve- ments as a goal in themselves. True, the haughti- ness with which he took himself for granted as the chosen flag bearer of our Western civiliza- tion rang with the echo of a demode chivalry and worship of not always so fair a princess named France. Granted, such a vision of us mere hu- man beings, such an exigence, such a demand- ing stance made me often, and no less than oth- ers, bristle with irritation and hark at this dis- regard for our humble, painful plodding through life. But oh! Americans . . . how strange it is that you of all people, you, who have invented the name and the thing called "the American dream," have kept mocking for some 30 years De Gaulle's never-ending odes to "grandeur" . . . for there is no difference be- tween what you call "the American dream" and CONTINUED Romain Gary — writer, soldier and diplomat — was personally named a Companion of the- Liberation by De Gaulle, an honor the general restricted to the very few men who rallied immediately to his side af- ter the fall of France in World War II. Gary fought in Africa, the Middle East and Europe. After the war, De Gaulle's devotion to the remaking of French glo- ry infuriated many who saw larger purposes in Eu- rope, but Gary remained an ardent Gaullist — as he obviously is today. His contributions to LlFF. in- clude several earlier articles on De Gaulle and an excerpt from his recent book, While Dog (Oct. 9). During World War II. De Gaulle (above on visit to North Africa-based Free French destroyer) was the rallying point for all Frenchmen against surrender. As president De Gaulle used carefully structured press conferences to make his positions known. At this one- he opposed British entry into the Common Market. natetial CONTINUED A GIFTED ACTOR OF HISTORY De Gaulle had an unerring sense of showmanship. In 195H. with the army's loyalty in question, he en- tered Algiers like a conquering hero. what De Gaulle called "the greatness of France. " Both mean exactly the same thing: a belief deeply rooted in our Western civilization — in man's capability to transcend, to rise above him- self and to prevail. De Gaulle was that rarest of all men: a real- istic dreamer. An astute tactician summoning Frenchmen — and wistfully, the Western world as a whole — toward mythological and, more likely than not. nonexistent or at least unreach- able heights. Never before has Sancho Panza worked so hard for Don Quixote, and both were united in one man. The realist in De Gaulle nev- er missed a trick in the service of the dreamer. The strategy consisted in aiming at the max- imum, as high and far as possible, in the prac- tical and crafty hope of thus extracting from us at least a bare minimum. This lifelong student of history knew that an inaccessible and highly idealized, often mystical if not a purely verbal goal of "greatness." when pursued with all the might of spirit and heart, leaves in the wake of its ultimate failure something very much like a civilization. Indeed, all our way from the gods of ancient Greece to and through Judeo-Chris- tianity w as the consequence of th is dynamic pro- cess of faith and faith alone. Even w hen the final purpose remains out of reach, the pursuit itself means creativity, progress and accomplishment. No one knew better than De Gaulle that it is out of this impossible attempt to close the gap between the humble reality of man and the lov- ingly invented myth of man that the Western civilization was born. Few men in history share with him this weird privilege: that of arousing our in- terest in themselves far more than in their actual accomplishments. For years I have been aware of watching the performance of a very great art- ist. In that respect, what De Gaulle has done is without precedent, and I believe that herein lies the whole secret of the man. He was a fan- tastically clever and gifted impersonator of 10 cen- t/cries of French history. With the historical — and histrionic material known by heart by every Frenchman since school, with debris of the past, with fragments of all the Louis, with the light still feebly reaching us from all the dead stars of past glory, with chips of stone from all our ca- thedrals and statuary, out of museums and out of legends, with genius, skill, fabulous workman- ship, technique and shrewdness, he built a mythological being known as De Gaulle, to whom he quite rightly referred in the third per- son, as a writer refers to the title of his magnum opus. It is this work of art, this self-creation that closed the gap between past magnificence and the shabby realities of the present, conjured the illusion of continuity, vouched for a future and never-ending greatness. A few key historical no- tions deeply embedded in the subliminal mem- ory of the French collective psyche were used by this actor and "enactor" of genius to create the "I, De Gaulle" that struck in even the most skeptical Frenchman an irresistible and respon- sive nostalgic chord. A Tever before has a man used a dead past so JL^ cleverly for a more precise, deliberate and calculated purpose. If De Gaulle, to the very end, exercised such a fascination over French- men, it is not only because he reactivated the past, but because he enacted and impersonated it with such a deeply contagious conviction that the actor will keep the audience under Out of power, De Gaulle stuck to a self-imposed regimen cf isolation. Here he reflects at the seashore on 1946 vacation to the south of France. IN DEATH, HIS IMPACT MULTIPLIES CONTINUED his spell long after he has left the stage. How strange it is for this writer known throughout France as an "unconditional Gaul- list" to find himself smiling and lighthearted at this hour of mourning, when every field, river and village street of the land is full of one man's absence and when grief and a kind of stricken disbelief are written on every French face around him. But how can I feel anything except pride and a triumphant elation at this pure, crystal- line hour, when a man I loved and trusted so completely during 30 years leaves the earth af- ter honoring every clause of the silent pact he had signed with us in the dark days of June 1940, when France lay broken and soiled under the Nazi bootr" Not a promise unfulfilled, not a word broken, not a stain on the face of the "princess of the legends, madonna of the fres- coes," as he called his France. The man is no longer, but what remains and will make life dif- ficult for mediocrity, lies, fakery, power-grab- bing and cynicism is a precedent, magnified by the moral stature of the man who has created it. For the first time in modern times, the French people have a point of reference. It may well be that the greatest achievement of De Gaulle will be posthumous and that it will mark the coun- try deeper than everything he had accomplished as a statesman. It may well be that De Gaulle will wield more power in France in his death than he ever did in his lifetime. And at this moment, as I am writing these _/\_ words, the true reason for that singing in my heart and for the secret exhilaration and al- most youthful buoyancy of my spirits appears as clear to me as the little chapel out there, against the sky, on top of Vieille Foret hill, above Sainte-Mere-Eglise. If this new exile is far more final than that of England, 1940, no one can now take him away from us. There is no more trace of pol- itics on his shoes. More than ever, he is now what he has been for us from the start: a moral force, a strength of spirit, a faith in man's ultimate triumph, a light. ■ In his final volume of autobiography, EISENHOWER: "He was wise, and, disliking risky speculations, he used the brake whenever the speed seemed excessive. . . . We always ex- plained our intenrions to each other and carried out our mutual discussions in an atmosphere of sincere friendship. ... He doubtless shared the rather simple conviction about the primordial mission which fell upon the United States as though by act of Providence." ADE- NAUER: "The ambitions of Germa- ny had inflicted on France tetrible or- deals in 1870, in 1914 and in 1939. But now Ftance knew that Germany was conquered, dismantled and reduced to a misetable international state which entirely changed the circum- Copyrighted material As the Algerian crisis heightened in 1958. De Gaulle retreated CO his country estate at Colombcy and awaited a call to form a new gov- ernment. Accompanied by his wife, he waves to air force planes Hy- ing overhead in formation of his symbol, the Cross of Lorraine. De Gaulle judges a quarter-century of leaders MEMOIRtS DESPOIR: L L RENOUVEAU. ?V:*.|962." O LIBRAIRIE PLON. IVTCl. ACL RIGHTS RC5CRVEO stances of their relationship. ... By a striking coincidence, at the time when I took the reins of power in Paris [in 1958] it happened chat at the head of the Bonn government was Konrad Adenauer — of all the Germans the most capable and the most anxious to engage his country at the side of France. This Rhinelander felt strongly that the Gauls and the Germans were complementary, one to the other." KENNEDY: "I felt that I had been dealing with a man whose courage, ability and true ambition gave rise to great hope. He seemed to me ready to take wing and fly high, like somegreac bird beating its wings as the high mountains called." NIXON: "In his rather strange position as Vice Presi- dent I found him to have one of those personalities at once frank and steady, on whom you feel you could count in important matters if it fell upon him one day to find himself in the front rank." KHRUSHCHEV: "Wrap- ping myself in ice, I allowed Khru- shchev to understand that the threats he was wielding had not made any im- pression on me. ... I must say I was impressed by his personality, and was left with a feeling that in spite of ev- erything, world peace had a chance." 43 Cot .1 Of Churchill. De Gaulle said, "Without him. my efforts of France." below, the two old comrades are shown after would have been futile from the start. By lending me a strong the war in the gardens of the Hotel Matignon. where De and willing hand when he did. he vitally aided the cause Gaulle made Sir Winston a Companion of the Liberation. You should know True is lower in tar and nicotine than 99% of all other cigarettes sold. True has only 12.6 mgs. tar, 0.7 mgs. nicotine. Shouldn't your brand be True.? Of all cigarettes tested, U.S. Government reports show the highest at 31.0 mgs. tar and 2.2 mgs. nicotine; the lowest at 1.9 mgs. tar and 0.1 mgs. nicotine. • imwwi 1970 Ordeal on a sheer rock face A three-week trip up El Capitan "Rock climbing," says mountaineer War- ren Harding, 47, "is a fine kind of mad- ness. It's a lot of hard work to accom- plish nothing." Last week, as if to prove what he meant, there was Harding, roped to his friend Dean Caldwell, picking his way up the sheer 3,000-foot southeast face of El Capitan in Yosemite National Park. Men have climbed El Capitan be- fore—Harding himself scaled it by an- other route in 1958— but no one had ever taken this most dangerous course to the top. Originally planned as a difficult 10- day climb, it soon lengthened into a gru- eling endurance test. Buffeted and de- layed by rain, snow and wind, at the 10- day mark Harding and Caldwell had gone only a third of the way. But they inched onward, hanging precariously from pitons and bolts pounded into the granite face, and sleeping at night in nylon Bat tents. Once the weather kept them pinned im- mobile in their hammocks for three days. Another time a piton holding Harding pulled out, and he plunged 40 feet, yank- ing out six more pitons before one finally held. By last week, their third on the mountain, the men had lost most of the feeling in their feet, their food had nearly run out, and park rangers were preparing for a rescue operation. The summit was still a forbidding 1,000 feet above. After a lot of hard work their prospects were in- deed unpromising. "We must be the most miserable, wet, cold, stinking wretches imaginable," Caldwell wrote in a note dropped by tin can. "But we're alive, really alive, like people seldom are." Dean Caldwell, 27, clings to the face of from his nylon pouch. The climbers took El Capitan in a hammocklike Bat tent these pictures, then dropped their film, which was suspended from a single bolt. Expansion bolts and snap links track across the sheer rock to Harding's roost. The climbers' 400 pounds of equipment dangle below out of sight, ready to be hauled up on a rope and pulley. 46 ■ Caldwell makes his way up the vertical face ahead of Harding, hammering the nail-like steel pitons into cracks wherever he can, drilling holes and set- ting bolts into the granite where cracks are lacking. Can you spot the climbers? Warren Harding and Dean Caldwell are the red and yellow specks precisely in the center of this picture of El Capitan, directly to the right of the top of the rock outcropping known as "El Cap Tower." The route of Harding's first successful ascent of El Capitan in 1958 led up this outcropping. His present route is up what Harding calls "the Wall of the Early Morning Light," a sheer face which veteran mountaineers regard as one of the toughest rock climbs in the world. Nonclimbers can reach the summit by hiking a long back trail. 48 BACARDI light rum. Its subtle flavor makes it perfect for daiquiris, the Bacaroi Cocktail, martinis, or with fruit juices, soda or tonic. Use Bacardi light rather than gin or vodka. Daiquiri Recipe.- Squeeze Vi lime or lemon. Add V2 tea- spoon sugar, jigger of Bacardi, ice. Shake and serve. (Or use a daiquiri mix.) For the Bacardi Cocktail, add a teaspoon of grenadine. BACARDI dark rum. Slightly more pronounced in flavor, yet smooth and mellow. Best for high- balls, sours, rum & colas, Manhattans, eggnog, on-the-rocks, with water, hot rum drinks or any mixer. Use Bacardi dark rather than whiskey. BACARDI 1 51 . A very high proof rum. Enjoy it in exotic drinks like the Mai-Tai, in hot rum drinks, gourmet cooking and dramatic flaming dishes. 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Militarily, they explain, Hussein's army, which is the most efficient in the Arab world, proved essen- tially loyal and proved it could best the fedayeen when turned loose. Politically, they point to the late President Nas- ser. As one of his last gestures before his death, Nas- ser denied outright support to the fedayeen in the Jordanian struggle and extended his peacemaking hand to Hussein. Now that Nasser is gone, some of that legacy could linger. Perhaps most important, these diplomats believe, is the fact that as much as some Arab countries dis- like Hussein and may want to harass him, it is un- likely that any would want to go so far as to over- throw him and thereby trade Jordan's present in- stability for future chaos. Lastly, they point to Hussein himself. "He is a first-class political maneuverer," says one Western diplomat who has known him a long time. "He is an intuitive politician." Another diplomat thinks that Hussein's strength lies in his own simplicity, in being "a man who believes in basics: a strong mil- itary, economic development, some education, pres- ervation of the Muslim religion, equal treatment for minority groups. What nobody can discount, of course, is the con- stant threat of assassination. Hussein has survived attempts in the past. Once he was even given a pre- scription of nose drops containing poison acid. Today the danger is greater than ever. Beyond his elaborate security, Hussein treats the danger with a shrug. "You live with yourself and when your time comes, it comes," he says. "I wouldn't run from a bullet. 1 wouldn't be fast enough anyway." ■ In London, where the king's family remained during the fighting, Hussein's wife, Princess Muna, readies sons Abdullah, 8, at left, and Feisal, 7, for school. Enter adintfRusJi You may win over 20,01 Here's how it works. 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Satellite Sobring-Plus 2-Door Hardtop The 1971 Plymouth Sebring. There's not another car like it. Not even our four-door. Here's how we're different. Our idea was to design, engineer and build a personal two-door car. And not have to worry about turning it into anything else. Now that's an unusual idea for mid-size American cars. They usually start out somewhere in the middle. Then they get stretched out to be four-doors. Or are squooshed-in to be two-doors. Things start to suffer. Seats. Interior room. Design. It's one compromise after another. We didn't compromise. Every inch of the Satellite Sebring is designed to be a personal two-door car. And that's all. Nothing gives. Nothing suffers. The wheelbase was chosen for the special requirements of a two-door. The track is two inches wider than any of last year's competitors. (Control is now even more certain.) And we were able to give it a low sporty look, without compromise. The result? You get the styling and handling of a specialty car. All for the price of an intermediate car. Satellite Sebring: Specially built for two-door people. Satellite Brougham: Specially built for four-door people. Our four-door is totally different. Every one of our /our-doors (the Satellite, the Satellite Custom and the Satellite Brougham) was designed from the ground up to be a four-door. We lengthened the wheelbase, and made the floor longer. We designed a higher roof in the back for more head room. The result? People who take a back seat in our four-door, don't have to take a back seat. We have a few new ideas for options, too. For example, we've built an exclusive Stereo Tape Cassette Player that lets you record— right from the radio! (So you can update your cassette cartridges indefinitely, or use inexpensive blanks.) And the optional microphone adds yet another dimension to the unit— you can talk to yourself. There are some ideas nobody's been able to improve on. Like our torsion-bar suspension. It's the best way we've found to give you a comfortable ride and sure, quick control of your car. Then there's unibody construction. We weld the body and frame into one complete unit. Welds don't rattle. And there are no bolts to work loose. Plymouth Satellite. Built and engineered with extra care. CHRYSLER Vlymoutfi Coming Through. Margaret and Walter Keane worked at adjoining easels in 1965. One Keane painting brought as much as $17,500. I ive years ago one of America's most commer- cially successful living artists, who always refers to himself in the third person, boasted to a reporter, "Nobody could paint eyes like El Greco, and no- body can paint eyes like Walter Keane." It turns out that someone can: his ex-wife Margaret. Not only can she paint eyes like Walter Keane, but she now claims that Walter never did a single one of those saccharine, lugubrious paintings that peer out of nearly every dime-store window in the land. "[ did them all," she said. "He can't paint eyes. He couldn't learn to paint at all." Until the Keanes split up in 1965 they prospered as a husband-and-wife art- ist team with a six-figure annual income. Margaret was known for almond-eyed portraits while Walter claimed the teary round-eyed waifs that brought the highest prices. In the beginning, the ex-Mrs. Keane says, she was unaware of what her husband was doing. "Every night Walter went down to sell the paintings at a San Francisco night spot called the hungry i. 1 stayed home painting a lot of chil- dren with different city backgrounds. It suited me fine. I was extremely timid and shy." But it was a shock when she found out a year and a half later that Walter was claiming the wet-eyed kids as his own, telling her that buyers were willing to pay more if they thought he had done them. Margaret admits that her husband had a real genius for pro- motion and selling. "But it was a nightmare when Walter threatened to kill me and our two daughters if we told anyone." Keane himself refuses to enter into the controversy: "I'd much rather daub than smear." But when challenged by his ex-wife to a paint-out in San Francisco's Union Square a few weeks ago, he didn't even show up, leaving Margaret the undisputed leader of the Big Eye school of art. Margaret Keane. now Mrs. Dan McGuire, works on a se- ries of lithographs for the San Francisco Cory Gallery. The lady behind those Keane-eyed kids CONTINUED A public paint-out at high noon Margaret says of her now husband, Dan McCiuire, a sporlswriter for a Honolulu newspaper. "He helped me a lot to become less timid and afraid. For a year I couldn't paint anything at all." Copyrighted mi IF THIS SONY WERE HUMAN, YOUT3MABB¥«ri There's more to our Sony than just a pretty face. It's all the set you'll ever want. Not like one of those huge, klutzy things that overwhelm everybody and everything. The 1 1-inch* portable Sony is at home anywhere in your home. Big enough for your living room. Small enough to fit in your kitchen. Light enough to carry off to bed. And amenable to anything. Want to sit out under the stars? There is an optional battery. And when the sun comes up? Snap on its sun filter, like the one in the picture. You'll never scream, "I can't take you anywhere!" Because, day ornight, inside or out, it'll always give you thatsame beautiful Sony quality. So don't buy in haste and repent at leisure. If you're looking for the perfect tv, get the SonyTVllOU. It's the set you can live with. * Measured diagonally © 1970 Sony Corp. ol America. Visit our Showroom, 585 Fiflh Avenue, New York, New York. neet Shaky, the first electronic person The fascinating and fearsome reality of a machine with a mind of its own Computer scientist Charles Rosen communes with Shaky, the intelligent machine he helped create. by Brad Darrach IB i looked at first glance like a Good Humor wagon sad- ly in need of a spring paint job. But instead of a tinkly little bell on top of its box-shaped body there was this big me- tallic whangdoodle that came rearing up, full of lenses and cables, like a junk-sculpture gargoyle. "Meet Shaky." said the young scientist who was show- ing me through the Stanford Research Institute. "The first electronic person." I looked for a tw inkle in the scientist's eye. There wasn't any. Sober as an equation, he sat down at an input ter- minal and typed out a terse instruction which was fed into Shaky's "brain," a computer set up in a nearby room: push THE BLOCK OFF THE PLATFORM. Something inside Shaky began to hum. A large glass prism shaped like a thick slice of pie and set in the middle of what passed for his face spun faster and faster till it dis- solved into a glare. Then his superstructure made a slow 360° turn and his face leaned forward and seemed to be star- ing at the floor. As the hum rose to a whir, Shaky rolled slowly out of the room, rotated his superstructure again and turned left down the corridor at about four miles an hour, still staring at the floor. "Guides himself by watching the baseboards," the sci- entist explained as we hurried to keep up. At every open door Shaky stopped, turned his head, inspected the room, turned away and rolled on to the next open door. In the fourth room he saw what he was looking for: a platform one foot high and eight feet long with a large wooden block sitting on it. He went in, then slopped short in the middle of the room and stared for about five seconds at the plat- form. 1 stared at it too. "He'll never make it," I found myself thinking. "His wheels are too small." All at once 1 got gooseflesh. "Shaky," 1 realized, "is thinking the same thing I am thinking!" Shaky was also thinking faster. He rotated his head slow- ly till his eye came to rest on a wide shallow ramp that was lying on the floor on the other side of the room. Whirring briskly, he crossed to the ramp, semicircled it and then pushed it straight across the floor till the high end of the ramp hit the platform. Rolling back a few feet, he cased the situation again and discovered that only one corner of the ramp was touching the platform. Rolling quickly to the far side of the ramp, he nudged it till the gap closed. Then he swung around, charged up the slope, located the block and gently pushed it off the platform. Compared to the glamorous electronic elves who trun- dle across television screens. Shaky may not seem like much. No death-ray eyes, no secret transistorized lust for nubile lab technicians. But in fact he is a historic achievement. The task I saw him perform would tax the talents of a live- ly 4-year-old child, and the men who over the last two years have headed up the Shaky project — Charles Rosen, Nils Nilsson and Bert Raphael — say he is capable of far more so- phisticated routines. Armed with the right devices and CONTINUED 58C c aterial We invented a p< fascinating strategy game, Only it isn't perfect. Turning Point* is good for your ego. It can look like you're losing and losing, when suddenly, you start winning. That's the Turning Point. You win points by trapping your opponent's chips, and turning them over, so that his color becomes your color. Anyone who can count a little can play. Then why isn't the game perfect? Here's why: there's room on the board to record a score of 999 points. But no one's ever come near it. So even winners have been feeling like losers. We didn't do this to frustrate you. Only to make a neat game — with TURNING POINT O 1970 Mattel. Inc. everything symmetrical. The highest score we've ever been able to get is 724. And we're the ones who made the game. So if you get 724 points, you can consider yourself perfect. Even if our game isn't. Look for Stop Dot* and Mirror Mania*, other family strategy games from Mattel. r LJomputers will be playing office politics CONTINUED programmed in advance with basic instructions, Shaky could travel about the moon for months at a time and, without a single beep of direction from the earth, could gather rocks, drill cores, make surveys and photographs and even decide to lay plank bridges over crevices he had made up his mind to cross. The center of all this intricate activity is Shaky's "brain," a remarkably programmed computer with a capacity of more than 7 million "bits" of information. In defiance of the soothing conventional view that the computer is just a glorified abacus that cannot possibly challenge the hu- man monopoly of reason, Shaky's brain demonstrates that machines can think. Variously defined, thinking includes such processes as "exercising the powers of judgment" and "reflecting for the purpose of reaching a conclu- sion." In some of these respects — among them powers of recall and mathematical agility — Shaky's brain can think better than the human mind. Marvin Minsky of MIT's Project Mac, a 42-year-old polymath who has made major contributions to Artificial Intelligence, recently told me with quiet certitude: "In from three to eight years we will have a machine with the gen- eral intelligence of an average human being. I mean a ma- chine that will be able to read Shakespeare, grease a car, play office politics, tell a joke, have a fight. At that point the machine will begin to educate itself with fantastic speed. In a few months it will be at genius level and a few months after that its powers will be incalculable." I had to smile at my instant credulity — the nervous sort of smile that comes when you realize you've been taken in by a clever piece of science fiction. When 1 checked Min- sky's prophecy with other people working on Artificial Intelligence, however, many of them said that Minsky's timetable might be somewhat wishful — "give us 15 years," was a common remark — but all agreed that there would be such a machine and that it could precipitate the third Industrial Revolution, wipe out war and poverty and roll up centuries of growth in science, education and the arts. At the same time a number of computer scientists fear that the godsend may become a Golem. "Man's limited mind," says Minsky, "may not be able to control such immense mentalities." I ntelligence in machines has developed with surprising speed. It was only 33 years ago that a mathematician named Ronald Turing proved that a computer, like a brain, can process any kind of information — words as well as num- bers, ideas as easily as facts; and now there is Shaky, with an inner core resembling the central nervous system of hu- man beings. He is made up of five major systems of cir- cuitry that correspond quite closely to basic human fac- ulties — sensation, reason, language, memory, ego — and these faculties cooperate harmoniously to produce some- thing that actually does behave very much like a rudimen- tary person. Shaky's memory faculty, constructed after a model de- CONTINUED Copyrighted material Zippo MIr. Co.. Bradford, Pa. 16701. In Canada: Zippo Matiulacturinit Co. o< Canada. Lid. Give your SAGITTARIUS friends (Nov. 22-Dec. 22) a Zippo Zodiac! Homeless electric heat is pure comfort... ...that's only one reason why over four million families are enjoying it today. 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This input is then routed through a "mental process" that recognizes patterns and tells Shaky what he is seeing. A dot-by-dot impression of the video input, much like the image on a TV screen, is constructed in Shaky's brain according to the laws of analytical geom- etry. Dark areas are separated from light areas, and if two of these contrasting areas happen to meet along a sharp enough line, the line is recognized as an edge. With a few edges for clues. Shaky can usually guess what he's looking at (just as people can) without bothering to fill in all the fea- tures on the hidden side of the object. In fact, the art of rec- ognizing patterns is now so far advanced that merely by adding a few equations Shaky's creators could teach him to recognize a familiar human face every time he sees it. Once it is identified, what Shaky sees is passed on to be processed by the rational faculty — the cluster of circuits that actually does his thinking. The forerunners of Shaky's rational faculty include a checker-playing computer pro- gram that can beat all but a few of the world's best play- ers, and Mac Hack, a chess-playing program that can al- ready outplay some gifted amateurs and in four or five years will probably master the masters. Like these programs. Shaky thinks in mathematical formulas that tell him what's going on in each of his faculties and in as much of the world as he can sense. For instance, when the space be- tween the wall and the desk is too small to ease through. Shaky is smart enough to know it and to work out another way to get where he is going. haky is not limited to thinking in strictly logical forms. He is also learning to think by analogy — that is, to make himself at home in a new situation, much the way human be- ings do, by finding in it something that resembles a situ- ation he already knows, and on the basis of this resem- blance to make and carry out decisions. For example, know- ing how to roll up a ramp onto a platform, a slightly more advanced Shaky equipped with legs instead of wheels and given a similar problem could very quickly figure out how to use steps in order to reach the platform. But as Shaky grows and his decisions become more com- plicated, more like decisions in real life, he will need a way of thinking that is more flexible than either logic or anal- ogy. He will need a way to do the sort of ingenious, prac- tical "soft thinking" that can stop gaps, chop knots, make the best of bad situations and even, when time is short, solve a problem by making a shrewd guess. The route toward "soft thinking" has been charted by the founding fathers of Artificial Intelligence, Allen New- ell and Herbert Simon of Carnegie-Mellon University. Be- fore Newell and Simon, computers solved (or failed to solve) nonmathematical problems by a hopelessly tedious process of trial and error. "It was like looking up a name in a big-city telephone book that nobody has bothered to ar- CONTINUED All we're doing here is reminding you of a universally known truth: turkey is juicier, moister, tenderer, plumper when cooked tightly covered with Alcoa' Wrap aluminum ^y^H foil. (Uncover 15 to 20 minutes before done so it'll brown.) That's because the bird cooks in its own juice trapped by wrap. The wrap that has the strength you need these days. DALCOA AlCOa Wrap. Alcoa Wrap the something else toil. Blistex ointment has helped heal more cold sores, fever blisters and severely chapped lips than anything else around. So we madeBlistik. Five medicinal ingredients, including Vita-Cos for deep, gentle pene- tration, plus lanolin to soften, smooth and moisturize lips. Pleasant tasting, too. Carry Blistik for everyday chapped lips, but use Blistex for treatment of severe lip irritations. Early and regular application of Blistex aids in preventing unsightly cold sore-fever blister formation, because it's a medicine. Available wherever drug products are sold. Effective enough fora man's lips. Mild enough for a child's lips. Good Time Watches from Westclox. 17 jewel watches that look like a million dollars. And cost like $18 to*40. I he best machines can't quite tell words from noise range in alphabetical order," says one computer scientist. Newell and Simon figured out a simple scheme — modeled, says Minsky, on "the way Herb Simon's mind works." Us- ing the Newell-Simon method, a computer does not im- mediately search for answers, but is programmed to sort through general categories first, trying to locate the one where the problem and solution would most likely fit. When the correct category is found, the computer then works with- in it, but does not rummage endlessly for an absolutely per- fect solution, which often does not exist. Instead, it accepts (as people do) a good solution, which for most non-nu- merical problems is good enough. Using this type of pro- gramming, an MIT professor wrote into a computer the criteria a certain banker used to pick stocks for his trust ac- counts. In a test, the program picked the same stock the banker did in 21 of 25 cases. In the other four cases the stocks the program picked were so much like the ones the banker picked that he said they would have suited the port- folio just as well. Shaky can understand about 100 words of written Eng- lish, translate these words into a simple verbal code and then translate the code into the mathematical formulas in which his actual thinking is done. For Shaky, as for most computer systems, natural language is still a considerable barrier. There are literally hundreds of "machine lan- guages" and "program languages" in current use, and com- puters manipulate them handily, but when it ccmes to or- dinary language they're still in nursery school. They are not very good at translation, for instance, and no program so far created can cope with a large vocabulary, much less converse with ease cn a broad range of subjects. To do this, Shaky and his kind must get better at working with symbols and ambiguities (the dog in the window had hair but it fell out). It would also be useful if they learned to fol- low spoken English and talk back, but so far the machines have a hard time telling words from noise. Language has a lot to do with learning, and Shaky's abil- ity to acquire knowledge is limited by his vocabulary. He can learn a fact when he is told a fact, he can learn by solv- ing problems, he can learn from exploration and discov- ery. But up to now neither Shaky nor any other computer program can browse through a book or watch a TV pro- gram and grow as he goes, as a human being does. This fall, M insky and a colleague named Seymour Papert opened a two-year crash attack on the learning problem by trying to teach a computer to understand nursery rhymes. "It takes a page of instructions," says Papert, "to tell the ma- chine that when Mary had a little lamb she didn't have it for lunch." haky's ego, or executive faculty, monitors the other fac- ulties and makes sure they work together. It starts them, stops them, assigns and erases problems; and when a course of action has been worked out by the rational faculty, the ego sends instructions to any or all of Shaky's six small on- board motors — and away he goes. All these separate sys- tems merge smoothly in a totality more intricate than many forms of sentient life and they work together with won- derful agility and resourcefulness. When, for example, it turns out that the platform isn't there because somebody has moved it. Shaky spins his superstructure, finds the plat- form again and keeps pushing the ramp till he gets it where he wants it — and if you happen to be the somebody who CONTINUED Westclox ^ watches *+ available at many Firestone dealers and stores Take an even closer look at these hand- some Westclox watches on the opposite page. Their styling. Their features. Their unbelievably low prices. But don't look too long . . . start making tracks for your nearest participating Firestone dealer or store. That's where you'll find these watches, as well as other fine Westclox watches and clocks. Top quality time- pieces at low Firestone gift prices. Slipstick is a revolutionary instrument you use like a pen to correct typing errors. It's a versatile new dimension ol something the secre- tary has known and loved for years: Liquid Paper cor- rection fluid. 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(Specify quantity) Canary Yellow Green_ .Pink Blue Goldenrod < . , , Total Amount (Ck or M O enclosed*] S Name Aririfoct City -State- (LSiIBi A new d.mension product from Liquid Paper Corporation sychoanalyzing a computer with a Freudian complex has been moving the platform, says one SRI scientist, "you get a strange prickling at the back of your neck as you re- alize that you are being hunted by an intelligent machine." With very little change in program and equipment, Shaky now could do work in a number of limited environments: warehouses, libraries, assembly lines. To operate successful- ly in more loosely structured scenes, he will need far more extensive, more nearly human abilities to remember and to think. His memory, which supplies the rest of his system with a massive and continuous flow of essential informa- tion, is already large, but at the next step of progress it will probably become monstrous. Big memories are essential to complex intelligence. The largest standard computer now on the market can store about 36 million "bits" of informa- tion in a six-foot cube, and a computer already planned will be able to store more than a trillion "bits" (one estimate of the capacity of a human brain) in the same space. Size and efficiency of hardware are less important, though, than sophistication in programming. In a dozen universities, psychologists are trying to create computers with well-defined humanoid personalities. Aldous, devel- oped at the University of Texas by a psychologist named John Loehlin, is the first attempt to endow a computer with emotion. Aldous is programmed with three emotions and three responses, which he signals. Love makes him signal approach, fear makes him signal withdrawal, anger makes him signal attack. By varying the intensity and probability of these three responses, the personality of Aldous can be drastically changed. In addition, two or more different Al- douses can be programmed into a computer and made to in- teract. They go through rituals of getting acquainted, mak- ing friends, having fights. Even more peculiarly human is the program created by Stanford psychoanalyst Kenneth M. Colby. Colby has de- veloped a Freudian complex in his computer by setting up conflicts between beliefs (I must love Father, I hate Fa- ther). He has also created a computer psychiatrist and when he lets the two programs interact, the "patient" resolves its conflicts just as a human being does — by forgetting about them, lying about them or talking truthfully about them with the "psychiatrist." Such a large store of possible re- actions has been programmed into the computer — and there are so many possible sequences of question and answer — that Colby can never be exactly sure what the "patient" will decide to do. Colby is currently attempting to broaden the range of emotional reactions his computer can experience. "But so far," one ofhis assistants says, "we have not achieved com- puter orgasm." K nowledge that comes out of these experiments in "sophis- tication" is helping to lead toward the ultimate sophisti- cation — the autonomous computer that will be able to write its own programs and then use them in an approximation of the independent, imaginative way a human being dreams up projects and carries them out. Such a machine is now CONTINUED Copyrighted material THEY'RE BECIHNINC TO CALL US SUPER RUM. KOT BECAUSE WE'RE MICHTIER. WE JUST MAKE A DAIQUIRI TASTE BETTER THAN IT HAS ANY RICHT TO. RON RICO. SUPER RUM. These mineral deposits make it important to find new ones. It used to be that when an auto- mobile hit the scrap heap, two things went with it. Years of service and large quantities of the earth's raw materials. The years of service cannot be salvaged. But much of the raw materials can. Even so, reclamation of scrap metal alone cannot meet today's growing global needs. We're helping in the discovery of new sources of raw materials. Satellite mineral mapping One of our companies is at work on an instrument that will provide a new method of mapping the earth's mineral formations. It will measure the heat radiated day and night from the earth's surface. This instrument will be used aboard NASA's polar-orbiting Nimbus-E satellite at an altitude of about 600 miles. It will pinpoint infrared radiation— rays emitted with varying degrees of intensity— from basic and acidic mineral deposits within a 650-yard square. Satellite weather reporting Another of our space develop- ments is aboard NASA's Nimbus IV meteorological satellite. It's a daytime space camera system in polar orbit at a speed of 16,380 miles per hour. In a 24- hour period, it collects and trans- mits images of worldwide weather patterns for a complete cloud cover map of the earth. ITT and you Developments like these come about because we are a diversified company, able to afford and man- age the cycles of investment and research. Whether it's developing more nutritious food products for undernourished children. Or help- ing to find new deposits of raw materials for your 1980 automobile. International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, 320 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022. We've spent the last fifty years getting ready for the next. Rftieth Anniversary 1970 ITT SERVING PEOPIE AND NATIONS EVERYWHERE yluthentic. Athole Brose to you. Athole is a small town in the craggy mountains near Perth, Scotland. Brose is the Scottish word for brew. Athole Brose is a Scotch drink concocted many years ago to warm the festive soul on important occasions such as St. Andrew's Day (Scotland's patron Saint), Christmas and Hogmanay, or New Year's Eve. 1 cup honey (preferably I'/i to 2 cups heavy heather honey from Scotland) sweet cream 2 cups Dewar's "White Label" Scotch Whisky Heat honey, and when it thins slightly, stir in cream. Heat together, but do not boil. Remove from heat and slowly stir in whisky. Athole Brose may be served hot or chilled. Makes 4 to 6 servings. (If you would like even a little more touch of Scotland, soak 1 cup oatmeal in two cups water overnight. Strain and mix liquid with other ingredients.) Athole Brose made with Dewar's "White Label" is a warm and sturdy brew. Against the cold of the winter months it will bring good cheer. And as happens with many things at this time of year, its long, authentic history seems to add a little comfort to the holiday season. DEWAR'S "White Label" Give the Scotch that never varies BUNDED SCOTCH WHISKY • M.8 PROOF • O SCHENLEY IMPORTS CO., «.Y..».Y. laterial Most credit cards are given away. You must apply for the American Express Money Card. American Express Money Card Member 040 072 493 6 400 AX Member, US. Davis Cup team We have never given away the American Express SH Money Card. You must apply for it and, if you qualify, pay an annual $15 fee. (Even famous athletes like tennis star Arthur Ashe did it.) Filling out an application is more work than getting a card free, but an American Express membership gives you certain privileges: Big choice of airlines, hotels, motels, resorts, restaurants, rent-a-cars and shops worldwide. No automatic finance charges. And guaranteed reservations at hotels and motels through a free worldwide reservations service, the American Express Space Bank. Call 800-AE 8-5000? Most of our members are successful businessmen. But if you are just starting out, making at least $7500 a year, with a potential for earning more, you may have what it takes to use the American Express Money Card. Get an application wherever American Express Money Cards are honored. Or write: American Express, Box 668, [ American express, N.Y,N.Y 10003. The American Express Money Card offers you a wide choice of fine restau- rants in the New York area and world- wide. Look for the American Express shield. 'jj It's your guide to good eating. NEW YORK Autopub, GM Building. Baroque, 14 E. 53rd Street. Cafe 201, 201 E. 73rd Street. Camel Driver, 72 E. 56th Street. Edwardian Room-Plaza Hotel, 5th Ave. & 59th Street. Le Cygne, 53 E. 54th Street. Mamma Leone's, 239 W. 48th Street. Maxwell's Plum, 64th St. & 1st Ave. Oak Room-Plaza Hotel, 5th Ave & 59th Street. Quo Vadis, 26 E. 63rd Street. Romeo Salta, 39 W. 56th Street. Spanish Pavillion, 475 Park Avenue. The Palm, 837 Second Avenue. Dugout Restaurant, Amityville. Steve's Pier 1, Bayville. Old Homestead, Great Neck. XII Arches, Jericho. La Cote d' Argent, Larchmont. South Shore Inn, Rockville Centre. Jolly Fisherman, Roslyn. Watermill Inn, Smithtown. NEW JERSEY Burns Country Inn, Clifton. China Chalet, Closter. Rod's Ranch House, Convent Station. CONNECTICUT Penthouse on the Rocks, Greenwich. FOR PEOPLE WHO TRAVEL • In Tennessee and outside Continental U.S.. call local information. £ 1970 American Express Company R Copyrighted material CONTINUED being developed at Stanford by Joshua Lederberg (the No- bel Prize-winning geneticist) and Edward Feigenbaum. In using a computer to solve a series of problems in chem- istry. Lederberg and Feigenbaum realized theirprogress was being held back by the long, tedious job of programming their computer for each new problem. "That started me wondering," says Lederberg. "Couldn't we save ourselves work by teaching the computer how we write these pro- grams, and then let it program itself?" Basically, a computer program is nothing more than a set of instructions (or rules of procedure) applicable to a particular problem at hand. A computer can tell you that 1 + I = 2 — not because it has that fact stored away and then finds it. but because it has been programmed with the rules for simple addition. Lederberg decided you could give a computer some general rules for programming; and now, based on his initial success in teaching a computer to write programs in chemistry, he is convinced that computers can do this in any Held— that they will be able in the reason- ably near future to write programs that write programs that write programs . . . l his prospect raises a haunting question: won't computers then be just as independent as human beings are? Peter Os- sorio, a philosopher at the University of Colorado who has pondered the psychology of computers, says that au- tonomy is part of the computer's inherent nature. "Free will," Ossorio says, "is a characteristic of serial processors — of all systems that do one thing after another and there- fore have more options than they are able to use. Serial systems naturally have to make choices among alternatives. People are serial systems and so are computers." Many computer scientists believe that people who talk about computer autonomy are indulging in a lot of cyber- netic hoopla. Most of these skeptics are engineers who work mainly with technical problems in computer hardware and who are preoccupied with the mechanical operations of these machines. Other computer experts seriously doubt that the finer psychic processes of the human mind will ever be brought within the scope of circuitry, but they see autonomy as a prospect and are persuaded that the social impact will be immense. Up to a point, says Minsky, the impact will be positive — "The machine dehumanized man, but it could rehumanize him." By automating all routine work and even tedious low-grade thinking, computers could free billions of people to spend most of their time doing pretty much as they damn please. But such progress could also produce quite different re- sults. "It might happen," says Herbert Simon, "that the Pu- ritan work ethic would crumble too fast and masses of peo- ple would succumb to the diseases of leisure." An even greater danger may lie in man's increasing and by now ir- reversible dependency upon the computer. The electronic circuit has already replaced the dynamo at the center of technological civilization. Many U.S. industries and busi- nesses, the telephone and power grids, the airlines and the mail service, the systems for distributing food and, not least. CONTINUED JIM BACKUS says . . ."Yes Sireeee, so nice to come home to — the LA- Z- BOY' RECLINA- ROCKER * »i IT'S NO JOKE, FOLKS ... my LA-Z-BOY" is so comfortable that I can hardly leave it. 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For tastes that are young and f 277 extra-care distilling steps have clear, Fleischmann makes a i JJJ washed away everything but the vodka that's magnificently clean, ^ , brightest of vodkas. To give you a Fleischmann'sRoyal.Notone.but ( \ dryness no lesser vodka can have. Fleischmann's: The Washed Vodka here need be no question of computer malice' CONTINUED the big government bureaucracies would be instantly dis- rupted and threatened with complete breakdown if the com- puters they depend on were disconnected. The disorder in Western Europe and the Soviet Union would be almost as severe. What's more, our dependency on computers seems cer- tain to increase at a rapid rate. Doctors are already be- ginning to rely on computer diagnosis and computer-ad- ministered postoperative care. Artificial Intelligence experts believe that fiscal planners in both industry and govern- ment, caught up in deepening economic complexities, will gradually delegate to computers nearly complete control of the national (and even the global) economy. In the in- terests of efficiency, cost-cutting and speed of reaction, the Department of Defense may well be forced more and more to surrender human direction of military policies to ma- chines that plan strategy and tactics. In time, say the sci- entists, diplomats will abdicate judgment to computers that predict, say, Russian policy by analyzing their cwn simu- lations of the entire Soviet slate and of the personalities — or the computers — in power there. Man, in short, is coming to depend on thinking machines to make decisions that involve his vital interests and even his survival as a species. What guarantee do we have that in making these decisions the machines will always con- sider our best interests? There is no guarantee unless we pro- vide it, says Minsky, and it will not be easy to provide — after all, man has not been able to guarantee that his own decisions are made in his own best interests. Any super- computer could be programmed to test important decisions for their value to human beings, but such a computer, be- ing autonomous, could also presumably write a program that countermanded these "ethical" instructions. There need be no question of computer malice here, merely a mat- ter of computer creativity overcoming external restraints. T he men at Project MAC foresee an even more unset- tling possibility. A computer that can program a comput- er, they reason, will be followed in fairly short order by a computer that can design and build a computer vastly more complex and intelligent than itself — and so on indefinitely. "I'm afraid the spiral could get out of control," says Min- sky. It is possible, of course, to monitor computers, to make an occasional check on what they are doing in there; but even now it is difficult to monitor the larger computers, and the computers of the future may be far too complex to keep track of. Why not just unplug the thing if it got out of hand? "Switching off a system that defends a country or runs its entire economy," says Minsky, "is like cutting off its food supply. Also, the Russians are only about three years be- hind us in A-l work. With our system switched off, they would have us at their mercy." The problem of computer control will have to be solved, Minsky and Papcrt believe, before computers are put in charge of systems essential to society's survival. If a com- CONTINUEO Co aterial An oil for the man who has everything. Quaker State is more than one motor oil. It's a whole spectrum of special blends for almost anything that moves. Each oi is different, because engine requirements vary widely. 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I f we're lucky, they might decide to keep us as pets' CONTINUED puter directing the nation's economy or its nuclear defens- es ever rated its own efficiency above its ethical obligation, it could destroy man's social order — or destroy man. "Once the computers got control," says Minsky, "we might never get it back. We would survive at their sufferance. If we're lucky, they might decide to keep us as pets." But even if no such catastrophe were to occur, say the peo- ple at Project MAC, the development of a machine more in- telligent than man will surely deal a severe shock to man's sense of his own worth. Even Shaky is disturbing, and a creature that deposed man from the pinnacle of creation might tempt us to ask ourselves: Is the human brain out- moded'? Has evolution in protoplasm been replaced by evo- lution in circuitry? "And why not'?" Minsky replied when I recently asked him these questions. "After all, the human brain is just a computer that happens to be made out of meat." 1 stared at him — he was smiling. This man, I thought, has lived too long in a subtle tangle of ideas and circuits. And yet men like Minsky are admirable, even heroic. They have struck out on a Promethean adventure and you can tell by a kind of afterthought in their eyes that they are haunted by what they have done. It is the others who de- press me, the lesser figures in the world of Artificial Intel- ligence, men who contemplate infinitesimal riddles of cir- cuitry and never once look up from their work to wonder what effect it might have upon the world they scarcely live in. And what of the people in the Pentagon who are foot- ing most of the bill in Artificial Intelligence research? "I have warned them again and again," says Minsky, "that we are getting into very dangerous country. They don't seem to understand." I thought of Shaky growing up in the care of these care- less people — growing up to be what? No way to tell. Ccn- fused, concerned, unable to affirm or deny the warnings I had heard at Project MAC, I took my questions to com- puter-memory expert Ross Quillian. a nice warm guy with a house full of dogs and children, who seemed to me one of the best-balanced men in the field. 1 hoped he would cheermeup Instead, he said, "I hope that man and these ul- timate machines will be able to collaborate without con- flict. But if they can't, we may be forced to choose sides. And if it comes to a choice, 1 know what mine will be." He looked me straight in the eye. "My loyalties go to intel- ligent life, no matter in what medium it may arise." ■ Shaky and one of the computer scientists who helped create him eye each other in an office at Stan- ford. The scientists oil handedly re- fer toShaky as "he." and, one says, "we have enough problems al- ready without creating a female Shaky. But we've discussed it." Lots of these left oyer, suitable for spending. Most people find that gas heat saves them money. And they're glad. But that's only one of the reasons they like it. Gas heat is clean. It's dependable. It's even, comfortable heat. And with circulating-air gas heat, you could have the first half of gas air conditioning. Check with your contractor or your local gas company. Check the better deals you get in gas ranges, dryers and water heaters, too. i AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. ™ You Get Two for One .. . Each volume includes a separate spiral-bound Recipe Booklet for use in the kitchen. If you were lucky enough to wangle an invitation to dinner at the home of this accom- plished hostess, you'd enjoy some of the world's most glamorous dishes ... beef Stroganov, paella, scampi alia griglia, cheese fondue, coq au vin, Peking duck . . . The source of this lady's consummate culinary skills? Time-Life Books' extraordinary library on FOODS OF THE WORLD. These handsome volumes blend the incomparable talents of great cooks (like Julia Child and fames Beard), witty authors who relish good food (like M. F. K. Fisher and Joseph Wechsberg) and superb LIFE photographers (like Mark Kauffman and Fred Lyon). Whatever your taste (or the taste of a friend or relative you'd like to delight), you'll find a way to please it with FOODS OF THE WORLD. TIME LIFE BOOKS FOODS OF THE WORLD volumes now at bookstores. $7.95 Each. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal The Cooking of Vienno's Empire Latin American Cooking Middle Eastern Cooking American Cooking The Cooking of the British Isles Chinese Cooking The Cooking of Germany The Cooking of India The Cooking of Japan The Cooking of Provincial France The Cooking of Scandinavia Wines and Spirits The Cooking of the Caribbean Islands Russian Cooking Pacific and Southeast Asian Cooking 70 Don't worry, getting in there was his idea Maurice Del Monte isn't square enough to fit nat- urally into a 19' < x19 ' i x19 Vi-inch box. Neither is anybody else, but Maurice Del Monte worked at it, and now— for the past three years, in fact— he has been packaging himself in this way as a night- club act. A magician who always wanted to be an acrobat, he thought of the box trick in 1966 while he was performing in Amsterdam Today he and his wife travel around Holland with his act. To achieve the concentration and flexibility required to squeeze himself through the box's even smaller door. Del Monte trained for more than 2,000 hours in the bedroom and practiced yoga under the shower. A few months ago he added something new to his routine. He climbs into the box, his wife locks the door and winches him into an oversized goldfish tank. He can stay inside without breathing for seven minutes. CONTINUED 71 Copyri Maurice is no smaller than most people, but he bends better Del Monte's ability to fit into his box has nothing to do with his size He stands 5' 11" and weighs 166 pounds. Entering bottom first, he then tucks in his right arm and leg. Next comes his head and left leg Finally, he brings in his left arm and shuts the door behind him. Not even a child has succeeded in get- ting into the box. The door is always too small or the kid's behind too big. You supply the will-power... we'll supply the Grow-Power. These kitchen beauties save steps, save time, save work. But how to get them? You could buy them on time. And pay up to 18% more in credit charges. Or you can save for them— in a Savings Bank, where your money is rock-safe and where it earns higher interest-dividends than in other banks. Save first— then use cash from your Savings Bank account instead of paying for things on time. You'll save up to 18% credit charges. Yes, 18%. Sure, saving takes a little will-power. But if you supply the will-power, we'll supply the Grow-Power. Savings Banks are people banks \%M\!U J^SIS? -helping people grow. or New York State. Members Federal Oepoiil Insurance Corporation. The only $50 electronic that keeps you up to date. We think a man should not only have the correct time, but the correct date as well. That's why we built an automatic calendar into our electronic watch. And the Electronic Timex is the lowest priced electronic watch on the market with an automatic calendar. This watch has many other great features: It never needs winding. Ever. (It's powered for a whole year by a tiny replaceable energy cell.) Its transistorized circuit provides 99.99%* accuracy. It is also water-resistant and dust- resistant. And it even has a jump sweep second hand. There's another nice feature— you have a choice of four handsome styles. TheElectronicTIMEX. It never needs winding. Mode* i»us 99041 *Regiji3r«xirT^ be necessary lo achieve this accuracy ^7 The Old Age of Dustin Hoffman With the help of a makeup man our star puts on a century or so A false nose here, a cauliflower ear there— most makeup men live from day to day on such petty satisfactions. In Arthur Penn's new film Little Big Man, however, Dustin Hoffman is required to play a protean character named Jack Crabb, at various times an Indian warrior, a swindler, a muleskinner, a drunkard, a her- mit, a polygamist and a 121 -year-old man who claims to have lived through the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Makeup artist Dick Smith met the challenge of the latter role with such great success that Hoffman not only looked old, he felt old. To turn 33-year-old Hoffman into 121-year-old Crabb, makeup artist Smith cast a mold of Hoffman's head and shoulders, then worked three months making the mask out of foam latex. 75 Cop Five hours of gluing Looking more or less like Dustin Hoffman, teen-aged Jack Crabb returns from two years among the Cheyenne. 1 Five hours of makeup begin: after eyelids, latex section covering the nose and lips is applied. Eyelids can blink. A shoulder pad giving Hoffman an old man's hunch is applied next. His hair is glued down, ready for the headpiece. As Hoffman watches the transformation, Smith readies the latex skullcap which will make him look bald. 6 Smith glues down edges of skullcap (above right). Entire mask was carefully painted to simulate age blotches. Cop' before he can start to act CONTINUED 77. To Hoffman, the problem was not the face An interview by RICHARD MERYMAN The most disconcerting thing for me in the role was the voice— how to get that kind of rasp that comes when the vocal cords have broken down. A doctor friend of mine found this home on Wel- fare Island where I could just observe old people. I found one guy and talked to him a while on tape. He wasn't right-just wasn't old enough-and I was very depressed. Another doctor told me there was a drug that dries out alcoholics and makes something very raspy happen to the voice. But I chickened out. I got a lot of still pictures to just look at age and tried for a long time to get a sense of it, but noth- ing was happening. And before I knew it we were in Montana in the middle of the picture and the 121- year-old scenes were still haunting me, and I was still working on the voice. Then one day I got laryngitis, and I practiced with it, played the voice back on tape. It was ex- actly what I wanted. "Now," I said, "What am I going to do? Get sick?" Finally we're in Canada, in the fifth month of the picture, and I get friendly with an Oriental fellow who's working on the picture. I went over to dinner at his house one night, he and his wife and kids, and there sits this ancient old man, his father. He was 104. Here I had gone through months, even looking in Montana in different rest homes, and here was this guy sitting there. He's got cataracts and he can barely see since he was 95. and they say that's a pity because he used to love to watch the wrestling matches on TV, and now he has to just listen to it. So Dick Smith and I went back for four hours and just watched him. One marvelous thing he did, he chain-smoked. He would smoke the cigarette very, very slowly, and his senses weren't sharp so it would burn down till there were little burn marks on his fingers. And I told Dick we'd have to have burn marks on the hands made for me. I loved the way this old man would let the ash build up ex- traordinarily long and somehow sense when it was about to drop off. And almost like slow motion the hand would come over the ashtray and he would just kind of lay the ash on it. Very slow. In his left hand he always held a yellow paper napkin, and he'd knead it and play with it— like a child has a security blanket. Once in a while he'd wipe his eyes with it. I thought, "That takes care of both my hands." Those are the things which help your own imagination, your own belief in the char- acter. I'm not sure anyone else will ever notice. This old fellow was completely dressed— every morning that was the first thing he did. And in the script the character I played in an old-age home lived in issued pajamas and robe. I decided I wanted my character dressed. What a marvelous thing-being dressed and surviving. Then we were back in L.A. and we had to shoot the next day and I still did not know what to do about the voice. So in a panic I went into a room, closed the door and started screaming until I got hoarse. The next day my voice was OK again. So I screamed while I got dressed, I screamed leaving the room. In the car I rolled up the windows and screamed all the way to the Sawtelle veterans' hospital. I screamed vowel sounds and different reg- isters—screamed do, re, me, fa, trying to find a reg- ister more delicate than the others that would get hoarser. It was a five-hour makeup job, and every half hour I'd stop and start screaming. I was just pan- icked because there was the camera and I knew no other way. After makeup I found a padded room with a mattress on the floor, and I went in there and screamed. Before I knew it two hospital guards were looking through the window in the door, look- ing at this nutty old guy in a corner in this dark pad- ded room, just screaming. Finally I got the voice. And there was this mar- velous old guy, a patient, lying on the bed-they were using him as an extra. I was walking by and he didn't know I was an actor, just that I was old. He looked up at me— he had no teeth at all-and said, "How old are you?" and I said "121" with the rasp voice. He gave a big grin and with a compet- itive glint in his eye. he said, "I'll catch yah. I'm 96 and I'm gonna catch yah." During shooting, the crew unconsciously treat- ed me like an old person. I couldn't see too well with my contact lens cataracts, and they'd walk me over to the wheelchair they had and wheel me, and everybody was very gentle. That really helped me believe my fantasy world. I always have a line, a very private one, that I I base a character on. The line for this guy was that once I had the makeup on, all I could think of was, "I haven't had a decent bowel movement in 46 years." In some private things my wife had to help me, and I'd look at her and think, "If we can only make it that long, and after 70 years be two old peo- ple helping each other"— and I had this wonderful rush of feeling for her. I defy anybody to put that makeup on and not feel old. But it didn't bother me. There's some- thing so uncomplicated about age. The instrument is simply dying. The hearing fades, the eyes, the bodily functions. That old guy in Canada, he had a great peace about him. Time was his own. And I had all these thoughts about how the ideal way would be to call your own death; to fear it all through a life, and then to reach an age where fear disappears, when you could say: "I'm ready now. I'm tired. I've had my life. I'm ready to meet him." Carl Sandburg said in some poem, "When death is a quiet step into a sweet, clean mid- night." Nice line. It's funny, but Walt Whitman has a similar line about birth: "Out of the Ninth- month midnight." 78 What to look for before you buy new snow tires And how the Super Shell Snowshoe measures up on all scores. People who drive in snow with ordinary tires are begging for trouble. Buying good quality snow tires is not a luxury —it's a necessity. Since snow tires have to perform on dry roads as well as snowy ones, they should have two different kinds of tread construction, as the Super Shell Snowshoe does. Rigid tread sections at the center of the tire for roadability and steering ease. Flexible sections on the outside edges, to grip snow for sure starts and stops.These treads have a second advantage: they're self -cleaning. By their flexing action, they discourage buildup of snow within the tread. Note the stud holes on the Super Shell Snowshoe. Studs give you extra protection on icy or wet roads. Ask your Shell dealer about your state's regula- tions concerning when and where steel tire studs may be used (a few states prohibit them). Good snow tires have wide treads to give you greater protection, greater stability. The overall tread width of the Super Shell Snowshoe shown here (size G 70x15) is 7 inches wide. Strong snow tires should have deep treads for bet- ter traction, better pulling power. Have your Shell dealer measure the tread depth of a new Super Shell Snowshoe tire for you. You'll discover that it's over a half-inch deep. The materials that make up a snow tire should have proven track records. They must stand up to ice and snow — a nd plenty of hard driving on dry roads.The Super Shell Snowshoe is made of a four-ply nylon cord construction. We know it stands up. Before the weather turns snowy, drive to your near- est Shell dealer. Check out the price for the tire size you need for your car— you'll be pleasantly sur- prised. Learn more about the advantages of driving on Super Shell Snowshoes. Once you buy them you'll be glad you did — mile after mile and winter after winter. 8 Registered Trademark. Shell Oil Company Another good idea : this year-round, combination antifreeze and engine coolant Shellzone helps protect your engine 12 months a year. In cold weather, it lowers the freezing point of the wa- ter in your radiator. In hot weather —especially in cars with air condi- tioning, it helps prevent boil-overs. And it helps prevent rust formation, too. Ask about Shellzone. CONTINUED PARTING SHOTS Mixed-up bills in India India's scribbled notations and handwritten accounts are giving way to computers, eventually introducing Indian consumers to the enriching experience of try- ing to straighten out automated electric light bills. Loss of identity and alienation in Korea American electronics firms have discovered that Korean labor is cheap and efficient. This will bring workers there the fringe ben- efits once restricted to older in- dustrial societies: alienation, loss of identity, loss of incentive and, worst of all, loss of time card. Soviet smog and cloverleafs In Russia, a plant recently opened that will produce 600,000 automo- biles a year. Experts estimate that it will be decades before the coun- try can build enough cloverleafs. gas stations, hamburger stands, parking meters and drive-in mov- ies to take care of all those cars. Unemployment in the suburbs Rutgers' Dr. C. Reed Funk is developing grass th practically quits growing after reaching an inch so in height— eliminating a need for suburban law mowers and, more important, lawn mower pusher Co, Smashed migratory birds Misguided flocks of migratory birds have been crash- ing into New York's Empire State Building ever since it was built 39 years ago. Now they have a bigger tar- get in New York's 110-story World Trade Center. All-over dents Motorists in Denver no longer called Express Park seizes a car. need worry about clumsy parking lifts it out of the way and (if some- lot attendants mashing a fender thing goes wrong) will even de- A new Ferris-wheel-like gadget liver a dented roof— automatically. CONTINUED 83 CO| PARTING SHOTS In a crunch, however, some progress might be welcome Progress has more than met its match in San Fran- cause they are on rails, they cannot be driven home Cisco's electric streetcars, first cousins to the fa- for lunch, or parked at the curb for a quick beer, mous cable cars. They have been clanking along the They are, in fact, unprogressively unswerving in their city's streets since 1891 , standing off the buses which course, as the driver of this unfortunate auto found have displaced them almost everywhere else. Be- out at the intersection of 30th and Church streets. Copyrighted material There's a tiny bit of Scrooge in the best of Santas. 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